Deep Learning to See

Deep Learning to See

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  • Author: Alessandro Betti
  • Publisher: Springer Nature
  • ISBN: 3030909875
  • Category : Computers
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 116

The remarkable progress in computer vision over the last few years is, by and large, attributed to deep learning, fueled by the availability of huge sets of labeled data, and paired with the explosive growth of the GPU paradigm. While subscribing to this view, this work criticizes the supposed scientific progress in the field, and proposes the investigation of vision within the framework of information-based laws of nature. This work poses fundamental questions about vision that remain far from understood, leading the reader on a journey populated by novel challenges resonating with the foundations of machine learning. The central thesis proposed is that for a deeper understanding of visual computational processes, it is necessary to look beyond the applications of general purpose machine learning algorithms, and focus instead on appropriate learning theories that take into account the spatiotemporal nature of the visual signal. Serving to inspire and stimulate critical reflection and discussion, yet requiring no prior advanced technical knowledge, the text can naturally be paired with classic textbooks on computer vision to better frame the current state of the art, open problems, and novel potential solutions. As such, it will be of great benefit to graduate and advanced undergraduate students in computer science, computational neuroscience, physics, and other related disciplines.


The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values

The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values

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  • Author: Brian Christian
  • Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
  • ISBN: 039363583X
  • Category : Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 459

A jaw-dropping exploration of everything that goes wrong when we build AI systems and the movement to fix them. Today’s “machine-learning” systems, trained by data, are so effective that we’ve invited them to see and hear for us—and to make decisions on our behalf. But alarm bells are ringing. Recent years have seen an eruption of concern as the field of machine learning advances. When the systems we attempt to teach will not, in the end, do what we want or what we expect, ethical and potentially existential risks emerge. Researchers call this the alignment problem. Systems cull résumés until, years later, we discover that they have inherent gender biases. Algorithms decide bail and parole—and appear to assess Black and White defendants differently. We can no longer assume that our mortgage application, or even our medical tests, will be seen by human eyes. And as autonomous vehicles share our streets, we are increasingly putting our lives in their hands. The mathematical and computational models driving these changes range in complexity from something that can fit on a spreadsheet to a complex system that might credibly be called “artificial intelligence.” They are steadily replacing both human judgment and explicitly programmed software. In best-selling author Brian Christian’s riveting account, we meet the alignment problem’s “first-responders,” and learn their ambitious plan to solve it before our hands are completely off the wheel. In a masterful blend of history and on-the ground reporting, Christian traces the explosive growth in the field of machine learning and surveys its current, sprawling frontier. Readers encounter a discipline finding its legs amid exhilarating and sometimes terrifying progress. Whether they—and we—succeed or fail in solving the alignment problem will be a defining human story. The Alignment Problem offers an unflinching reckoning with humanity’s biases and blind spots, our own unstated assumptions and often contradictory goals. A dazzlingly interdisciplinary work, it takes a hard look not only at our technology but at our culture—and finds a story by turns harrowing and hopeful.


Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning in Pathology

Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning in Pathology

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  • Author: Stanley Cohen
  • Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
  • ISBN: 0323675379
  • Category : Medical
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 290

Recent advances in computational algorithms, along with the advent of whole slide imaging as a platform for embedding artificial intelligence (AI), are transforming pattern recognition and image interpretation for diagnosis and prognosis. Yet most pathologists have just a passing knowledge of data mining, machine learning, and AI, and little exposure to the vast potential of these powerful new tools for medicine in general and pathology in particular. In Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning in Pathology, Dr. Stanley Cohen covers the nuts and bolts of all aspects of machine learning, up to and including AI, bringing familiarity and understanding to pathologists at all levels of experience. Focuses heavily on applications in medicine, especially pathology, making unfamiliar material accessible and avoiding complex mathematics whenever possible. Covers digital pathology as a platform for primary diagnosis and augmentation via deep learning, whole slide imaging for 2D and 3D analysis, and general principles of image analysis and deep learning. Discusses and explains recent accomplishments such as algorithms used to diagnose skin cancer from photographs, AI-based platforms developed to identify lesions of the retina, using computer vision to interpret electrocardiograms, identifying mitoses in cancer using learning algorithms vs. signal processing algorithms, and many more.


Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Natural Language Processing

Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Natural Language Processing

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  • Author: Anitha S. Pillai
  • Publisher: CRC Press
  • ISBN: 1000960854
  • Category : Computers
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 245

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence, linguistics, and computer science and is concerned with the generation, recognition, and understanding of human languages, both written and spoken. NLP systems examine the grammatical structure of sentences as well as the specific meanings of words, and then they utilize algorithms to extract meaning and produce results. Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Natural Language Processing aims at providing a review of current Neural Network techniques in the NLP field, in particular about Conversational Agents (chatbots), Text-to-Speech, management of non-literal content – like emotions, but also satirical expressions – and applications in the healthcare field. NLP has the potential to be a disruptive technology in various healthcare fields, but so far little attention has been devoted to that goal. This book aims at providing some examples of NLP techniques that can, for example, restore speech, detect Parkinson’s disease, or help psychotherapists. This book is intended for a wide audience. Beginners will find useful chapters providing a general introduction to NLP techniques, while experienced professionals will appreciate the chapters about advanced management of emotion, empathy, and non-literal content.


Advanced Deep Learning for Engineers and Scientists

Advanced Deep Learning for Engineers and Scientists

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  • Author: Kolla Bhanu Prakash
  • Publisher: Springer Nature
  • ISBN: 3030665194
  • Category : Technology & Engineering
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 294

This book provides a complete illustration of deep learning concepts with case-studies and practical examples useful for real time applications. This book introduces a broad range of topics in deep learning. The authors start with the fundamentals, architectures, tools needed for effective implementation for scientists. They then present technical exposure towards deep learning using Keras, Tensorflow, Pytorch and Python. They proceed with advanced concepts with hands-on sessions for deep learning. Engineers, scientists, researches looking for a practical approach to deep learning will enjoy this book. Presents practical basics to advanced concepts in deep learning and how to apply them through various projects; Discusses topics such as deep learning in smart grids and renewable energy & sustainable development; Explains how to implement advanced techniques in deep learning using Pytorch, Keras, Python programming.


Deep Learning Techniques for Music Generation

Deep Learning Techniques for Music Generation

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  • Author: Jean-Pierre Briot
  • Publisher: Springer
  • ISBN: 3319701630
  • Category : Computers
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 284

This book is a survey and analysis of how deep learning can be used to generate musical content. The authors offer a comprehensive presentation of the foundations of deep learning techniques for music generation. They also develop a conceptual framework used to classify and analyze various types of architecture, encoding models, generation strategies, and ways to control the generation. The five dimensions of this framework are: objective (the kind of musical content to be generated, e.g., melody, accompaniment); representation (the musical elements to be considered and how to encode them, e.g., chord, silence, piano roll, one-hot encoding); architecture (the structure organizing neurons, their connexions, and the flow of their activations, e.g., feedforward, recurrent, variational autoencoder); challenge (the desired properties and issues, e.g., variability, incrementality, adaptability); and strategy (the way to model and control the process of generation, e.g., single-step feedforward, iterative feedforward, decoder feedforward, sampling). To illustrate the possible design decisions and to allow comparison and correlation analysis they analyze and classify more than 40 systems, and they discuss important open challenges such as interactivity, originality, and structure. The authors have extensive knowledge and experience in all related research, technical, performance, and business aspects. The book is suitable for students, practitioners, and researchers in the artificial intelligence, machine learning, and music creation domains. The reader does not require any prior knowledge about artificial neural networks, deep learning, or computer music. The text is fully supported with a comprehensive table of acronyms, bibliography, glossary, and index, and supplementary material is available from the authors' website.


Machine Learning with R, the tidyverse, and mlr

Machine Learning with R, the tidyverse, and mlr

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  • Author: Hefin Rhys
  • Publisher: Simon and Schuster
  • ISBN: 1638350175
  • Category : Computers
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 535

Summary Machine learning (ML) is a collection of programming techniques for discovering relationships in data. With ML algorithms, you can cluster and classify data for tasks like making recommendations or fraud detection and make predictions for sales trends, risk analysis, and other forecasts. Once the domain of academic data scientists, machine learning has become a mainstream business process, and tools like the easy-to-learn R programming language put high-quality data analysis in the hands of any programmer. Machine Learning with R, the tidyverse, and mlr teaches you widely used ML techniques and how to apply them to your own datasets using the R programming language and its powerful ecosystem of tools. This book will get you started! Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the book Machine Learning with R, the tidyverse, and mlr gets you started in machine learning using R Studio and the awesome mlr machine learning package. This practical guide simplifies theory and avoids needlessly complicated statistics or math. All core ML techniques are clearly explained through graphics and easy-to-grasp examples. In each engaging chapter, you’ll put a new algorithm into action to solve a quirky predictive analysis problem, including Titanic survival odds, spam email filtering, and poisoned wine investigation. What's inside Using the tidyverse packages to process and plot your data Techniques for supervised and unsupervised learning Classification, regression, dimension reduction, and clustering algorithms Statistics primer to fill gaps in your knowledge About the reader For newcomers to machine learning with basic skills in R. About the author Hefin I. Rhys is a senior laboratory research scientist at the Francis Crick Institute. He runs his own YouTube channel of screencast tutorials for R and RStudio. Table of contents: PART 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.Introduction to machine learning 2. Tidying, manipulating, and plotting data with the tidyverse PART 2 - CLASSIFICATION 3. Classifying based on similarities with k-nearest neighbors 4. Classifying based on odds with logistic regression 5. Classifying by maximizing separation with discriminant analysis 6. Classifying with naive Bayes and support vector machines 7. Classifying with decision trees 8. Improving decision trees with random forests and boosting PART 3 - REGRESSION 9. Linear regression 10. Nonlinear regression with generalized additive models 11. Preventing overfitting with ridge regression, LASSO, and elastic net 12. Regression with kNN, random forest, and XGBoost PART 4 - DIMENSION REDUCTION 13. Maximizing variance with principal component analysis 14. Maximizing similarity with t-SNE and UMAP 15. Self-organizing maps and locally linear embedding PART 5 - CLUSTERING 16. Clustering by finding centers with k-means 17. Hierarchical clustering 18. Clustering based on density: DBSCAN and OPTICS 19. Clustering based on distributions with mixture modeling 20. Final notes and further reading


Probabilistic Machine Learning

Probabilistic Machine Learning

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  • Author: Kevin P. Murphy
  • Publisher: MIT Press
  • ISBN: 0262046822
  • Category : Computers
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 858

A detailed and up-to-date introduction to machine learning, presented through the unifying lens of probabilistic modeling and Bayesian decision theory. This book offers a detailed and up-to-date introduction to machine learning (including deep learning) through the unifying lens of probabilistic modeling and Bayesian decision theory. The book covers mathematical background (including linear algebra and optimization), basic supervised learning (including linear and logistic regression and deep neural networks), as well as more advanced topics (including transfer learning and unsupervised learning). End-of-chapter exercises allow students to apply what they have learned, and an appendix covers notation. Probabilistic Machine Learning grew out of the author’s 2012 book, Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective. More than just a simple update, this is a completely new book that reflects the dramatic developments in the field since 2012, most notably deep learning. In addition, the new book is accompanied by online Python code, using libraries such as scikit-learn, JAX, PyTorch, and Tensorflow, which can be used to reproduce nearly all the figures; this code can be run inside a web browser using cloud-based notebooks, and provides a practical complement to the theoretical topics discussed in the book. This introductory text will be followed by a sequel that covers more advanced topics, taking the same probabilistic approach.


The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics

The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics

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  • Author: Ruslan Mitkov
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN: 0191625531
  • Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 1312

Ruslan Mitkov's highly successful Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics has been substantially revised and expanded in this second edition. Alongside updated accounts of the topics covered in the first edition, it includes 17 new chapters on subjects such as semantic role-labelling, text-to-speech synthesis, translation technology, opinion mining and sentiment analysis, and the application of Natural Language Processing in educational and biomedical contexts, among many others. The volume is divided into four parts that examine, respectively: the linguistic fundamentals of computational linguistics; the methods and resources used, such as statistical modelling, machine learning, and corpus annotation; key language processing tasks including text segmentation, anaphora resolution, and speech recognition; and the major applications of Natural Language Processing, from machine translation to author profiling. The book will be an essential reference for researchers and students in computational linguistics and Natural Language Processing, as well as those working in related industries.


Deep Reinforcement Learning

Deep Reinforcement Learning

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  • Author: Aske Plaat
  • Publisher: Springer Nature
  • ISBN: 9811906386
  • Category : Computers
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 414

Deep reinforcement learning has attracted considerable attention recently. Impressive results have been achieved in such diverse fields as autonomous driving, game playing, molecular recombination, and robotics. In all these fields, computer programs have taught themselves to understand problems that were previously considered to be very difficult. In the game of Go, the program AlphaGo has even learned to outmatch three of the world’s leading players.Deep reinforcement learning takes its inspiration from the fields of biology and psychology. Biology has inspired the creation of artificial neural networks and deep learning, while psychology studies how animals and humans learn, and how subjects’ desired behavior can be reinforced with positive and negative stimuli. When we see how reinforcement learning teaches a simulated robot to walk, we are reminded of how children learn, through playful exploration. Techniques that are inspired by biology and psychology work amazingly well in computers: animal behavior and the structure of the brain as new blueprints for science and engineering. In fact, computers truly seem to possess aspects of human behavior; as such, this field goes to the heart of the dream of artificial intelligence. These research advances have not gone unnoticed by educators. Many universities have begun offering courses on the subject of deep reinforcement learning. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the field, at the proper level of detail for a graduate course in artificial intelligence. It covers the complete field, from the basic algorithms of Deep Q-learning, to advanced topics such as multi-agent reinforcement learning and meta learning.