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The present work, based on a Course given at The Hague Academy of International Law in the Summer 2007, identifies the philosophical postulates that underlie this field of study and shows their profound coherence and the practical consequences that follow from these postulates in the resolution of international disputes.
International arbitration law readily lends itself to a legal theory analysis. The fundamentally philosophical notions of autonomy and freedom are at the heart of its field of study. Similarly essential are the questions of legitimacy raised by the parties' freedom to favor a private form of dispute resolution over national courts, to choose their judges, to tailor the procedure as they deem appropriate, and to determine the rules of law that will govern the dispute even where the chosen rules are not those of a given legal system, as well as by the arbitrators' freedom to determine their own jurisdiction, to shape the conduct of the proceedings and, in the absence of an agreement among the parties, to choose the rules applicable to the merits of the dispute. The present work, which is based on a Course given at The Hague Academy of International Law in the Summer of 2007, seeks to identify the philosophical postulates that underlie this field of study, to show their profound coherence and the practical consequences that follow from these postulates in the resolution of international disputes.
International arbitration law readily lends itself to a legal theory analysis. The fundamentally philosophical notions of autonomy and freedom are at the heart of its field of study. Similarly essential are the questions of legitimacy raised by the parties' freedom to favor a private form of dispute resolution over national courts, to choose their judges, to tailor the procedure as they deem appropriate, and to determine the rules of law that will govern the dispute even where the chosen rules are not those of a given legal system, as well as by the arbitrators' freedom to determine their own jurisdiction, to shape the conduct of the proceedings and, in the absence of an agreement among the parties, to choose the rules applicable to the merits of the dispute. --
Theory, Law and Practice of Maritime Arbitration The Case of International Contracts for the Carriage of Goods by Sea Eva Litina It is estimated that over 80% of global trade by volume is carried by sea, making maritime transport a cornerstone of the global economy. Most disputes in the shipping industry are settled by distinctive, private arbitral proceedings that are best understood by a close examination of the standard form contracts that are used in practice and of the case law arising therefrom. Extrapolating insightfully from these sources, the author of this book examines in depth the phenomenon of maritime arbitration with a specific focus on contracts for the carriage of goods by sea. She offers the first comprehensive and comparative analysis of arbitral practice in the three jurisdictions where the most frequently selected maritime arbitral seats are located: London, New York, and Singapore. An analysis of the applicable rules and relevant case law in each jurisdiction provides the basis from which a comparative assessment of maritime arbitral seats is achieved. The book addresses the following key aspects of maritime arbitration: maritime arbitration’s definition, origins, theoretical underpinnings, socioeconomic context, and significance; the maritime-specific reasons for wide use of ad hoc versus institutional arbitration; the international instruments governing arbitration in contracts for the carriage of goods by sea; the shipping industry’s pursuit of self-regulation via standard form contracts; the arbitration agreement contained in standard form charterparties and bills of lading; maritime arbitration’s unique approach to judicial review, confidentiality, and arbitrator impartiality; the specific dispute resolution objectives that compel a comparative assessment of maritime arbitral seats; and the future of maritime arbitration in light of international political, financial, and technological developments. In addition to the three main maritime arbitral seats, the analysis touches on maritime arbitration in other relevant jurisdictions, such as Hong Kong, Greece, Japan, and Korea, thus affording a comparison of the process in common and civil law jurisdictions. The book concludes by considering the potential impact of the current international political landscape, and suggesting future perspectives and research in international maritime arbitration. An important addition to scholarship in this field of law, the book’s thorough assessment of the merits of the competing maritime arbitral seats—and its specific focus on maritime disputes—will prove of significant importance to arbitrators, law firms, in-house counsel of shipping companies, international organizations, and arbitration institutions and associations. Practitioners will discover all tools necessary to examine any case before the main maritime arbitral seats with full awareness of each applicable legal regime and its distinguishing features.
Arbitrating cross-border business disputes has been common practice in Italy since centuries. It is no wonder, then, that Italian arbitration law and jurisprudence are ample and sophisticated. Italian courts have already rendered thousands of judgments addressing complex problems hidden in the regulation of arbitration. Italian jurists have been among the outstanding members of the international arbitration community, starting from when back in 1958, Professor Eugenio Minoli was among the promoters of the New York Convention. Being Italy the third-largest economy in the European Union and the eighth-largest economy by nominal GDP in the world, it also comes as no surprise that Italian companies, and foreign companies with respect to the business they do in the Italian market, are among the main ‘users’ of international arbitration, nor that Italy is part to a network of more than 80 treaties aimed to protect inbound and outbound foreign direct investments and being the ground for investment arbitration cases. Moreover, in recent years, Italy has risen to prominence as a neutral arbitral seat, in particular for the settlement of ‘intra-Mediterranean’ disputes, also thanks to the reputation acquired by the Milan Chamber of Arbitration which has become one of the main European arbitral institutions. This book is the first commentary on international arbitration in Italy ever written in English. It is an indispensable tool for arbitrators, counsel, experts, officers of arbitral institutions and judges who happen to be involved in arbitral proceedings or arbitration-related court proceedings somewhat linked to the Italian legal system, either because Italy is the seat of the arbitration, the Italian jurisdiction has been ousted by a foreign-seated arbitration, the assistance of Italian courts is sought for the granting of interim measures or the enforcement of a foreign award or the arbitration results from a multilateral or bilateral investment protection treaty to which Italy is a party. This book may also be of general interest for scholars and practitioners of international arbitration at large to the extent that it deals with the ‘theory’ of international arbitration and illustrates original solutions offered by Italian arbitration law to various complex issues, such as: the potential conflicts (and required balance) between party autonomy and State sovereignty in the governance of arbitrations; the relationship between the New York Convention and the legal system of the State of the arbitral seat; the potential impact on cross-border arbitrations of insolvencies, human rights, or European Union law; the arbitrability of corporate disputes; the extension of arbitration agreements to ‘necessary parties’. Appendixes include an English translation of the main provisions of Italian law relevant to arbitration, a list of the investment protection treaties to which Italy is a party, and an English version of the Rules of Arbitration of the Milan Chamber of Arbitration. The author, who is full professor of international law, name partner of ArbLit (the first Italian boutique focusing on cross-border dispute settlement) and the current Italian member of the ICC Court of Arbitration, has written the book aiming to combine his academic background with his long-standing experience as counsel and arbitrator.
This concise yet comprehensive textbook introduces the reader to the law and practice of international arbitration. Arbitration is a complex field due to the variety of disciplines involved and necessitates an approach that takes nothing for granted. Written by a renowned scholar and practitioner, this book explains the divergent issues of civil procedure, contracts, conflict of laws, international law amongst others in an accessible manner. Focusing mainly on international commercial arbitration, the book also features a distinct chapter on consumer and online arbitration and an equally comprehensive chapter on international investment arbitration.
This third edition, and the first in English, of the globally-cited Arbitrage International-Droit et Pratique à la Lumière de la LDIP, provides complete guidance on arbitration law and practice relating to Switzerland from two of the leading authorities on Swiss practice.
This book analyses how arbitrators make rules that guide, constrain, and define the process and substance of international arbitration. Providing a thorough and multidisciplinary analysis of the actors, process, and outcome of arbitral lawmaking, the study shows how arbitrators create principles of law through consistent arbitral decision-making and through interacting with other members of the arbitral community. This book investigates and responds to the following questions: - What is the relationship between international arbitration and the law and courts of the seat? - What is the role of international tribunals in assisting and controlling investment arbitration? - What is the scope of arbitrators’ freedom in decision-making? - What constraints limit arbitrators’ decision-making and contribute to consistency? - Is international arbitration capable of paying deference to past arbitral decisions? - Which rules have arbitrators created in procedural and substantive matters? - What is the role and status of consistent arbitral decisions? - Is there an arbitral legal system? The answers to these questions are drawn from actual arbitral decisions made available to the public, clarifying important issues about jurisdiction, procedure, applicable law, interpretation of substantive rules and instruments, and remedies. This is the first overarching study of whether and to what extent international commercial, and investment arbitrators create norms and even generate a legal system. As such, it will be of immeasurable and lasting value to arbitrators, practitioners, scholars, arbitral institutions, and international organizations worldwide, for all of whom it will not only clarify our understanding of arbitral decision-making and arbitrator-made rules, but also foster transparency and accountability in arbitral decision-making
International Arbitration: Law and Practice (Third Edition) provides comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the basic principles and legal doctrines, and the practice, of international arbitration. The book contains a systematic, but concise, treatment of all aspects of the arbitral process, including international arbitration agreements, international arbitral proceedings and international arbitral awards. The Third Edition guides both students and practitioners through the entire arbitral process, beginning with drafting, enforcing and interpreting international arbitration agreements, to selecting arbitrators and conducting arbitral proceedings, to recognizing, enforcing and seeking to annul arbitral awards. The book is written in clear, accessible language, suited for both law students and non-specialist practitioners, as well as more experienced readers. This highly regarded work addresses both international commercial arbitration and the related fields of investment and state-to-state arbitration and is essential reading for any student of international arbitration and any practitioner seeking a complete introduction to the field. The Third Edition has been comprehensively updated to include recent legislative amendments, judicial decisions and arbitral awards. Among other things, the book provides detailed treatment of the New York Convention, the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, all leading institutional arbitration rules (including ICC, SIAC, LCIA, AAA and others), the ICSID Convention and ICSID Arbitration Rules, and judicial decisions from leading jurisdictions. The Third Edition is integrated with the author’s classic International Commercial Arbitration and with the online Born International Arbitration Lectures, enabling students, teachers and practitioners to explore particular topics in more detail. About the Author: Gary B. Born is the world’s leading authority on international arbitration and litigation. He has practiced extensively in both fields in Europe, the United States, Asia and elsewhere. He is the author of International Commercial Arbitration (Kluwer Law International 3rd ed. 2021), International Arbitration and Forum Selection Agreements: Drafting and Enforcing (Kluwer Law International 6th ed. 2021), International Commercial Arbitration: Cases and Materials (Aspen 3rd ed. 2021) and International Civil Litigation in United States Courts (Aspen 6th ed. 2018).
This Handbook brings together many of the key scholars and leading practitioners in international arbitration, to present and examine cutting-edge knowledge in the field. Innovative in its breadth of coverage, chapter-topics range from the practicalities of how arbitration works, to big picture discussions of the actors involved and the values that underpin it. The book includes critical analysis of some of international arbitrations most controversial aspects, whilst providing a nuanced account overall that allows readers to draw their own informed conclusions. The book is divided into six parts, after an introduction discussing the formation of knowledge in the field. Part I provides an overview of the key legal notions needed to understand how international arbitration technically works, such as the relation between arbitration and law, the power of arbitral tribunals to make decisions, the appointment of arbitrators, and the role of public policy. Part II focuses on key actors in international arbitration, such as arbitrators, parties choosing arbitrators, and civil society. Part III examines the central values at stake in the field, including efficiency, legal certainty, and constitutional ideals. Part IV discusses intellectual paradigms structuring the thinking in and about international arbitration, such as the idea of autonomous transnational legal orders and conflicts of law. Part V presents the empirical evidence we currently have about the operations and effects of both commercial and investment arbitration. Finally, Part VI provides different disciplinary perspectives on international arbitration, including historical, sociological, literary, economic, and psychological accounts.
