Human Missions to Mars

Human Missions to Mars

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  • Author: Donald Rapp
  • Publisher: Springer
  • ISBN: 331922249X
  • Category : Technology & Engineering
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 604

A mission to send humans to explore the surface of Mars has been the ultimate goal of planetary exploration since the 1950s, when von Braun conjectured a flotilla of 10 interplanetary vessels carrying a crew of at least 70 humans. Since then, more than 1,000 studies were carried out on human missions to Mars, but after 60 years of study, we remain in the early planning stages. The second edition of this book now includes an annotated history of Mars mission studies, with quantitative data wherever possible. Retained from the first edition, Donald Rapp looks at human missions to Mars from an engineering perspective. He divides the mission into a number of stages: Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit (LEO); departing from LEO toward Mars; Mars orbit insertion and entry, descent and landing; ascent from Mars; trans-Earth injection from Mars orbit and Earth return. For each segment, he analyzes requirements for candidate technologies. In this connection, he discusses the status and potential of a wide range of elements critical to a human Mars mission, including life support consumables, radiation effects and shielding, microgravity effects, abort options and mission safety, possible habitats on the Martian surface and aero-assisted orbit entry decent and landing. For any human mission to the Red Planet the possible utilization of any resources indigenous to Mars would be of great value and such possibilities, the use of indigenous resources is discussed at length. He also discusses the relationship of lunar exploratio n to Mars exploration. Detailed appendices describe the availability of solar energy on the Moon and Mars, and the potential for utilizing indigenous water on Mars. The second edition provides extensive updating and additions to the first edition, including many new figures and tables, and more than 70 new references, as of 2015.


The Human Factor in a Mission to Mars

The Human Factor in a Mission to Mars

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  • Author: Konrad Szocik
  • Publisher: Springer
  • ISBN: 9783030020583
  • Category : Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 266

A manned mission to Mars is faced with challenges and topics that may not be obvious but of great importance and challenging for such a mission. This is the first book that collects contributions from scholars in various fields, from astronomy and medicine, to theology and philosophy, addressing such topics. The discussion goes beyond medical and technological challenges of such a deep-space mission. The focus is on human nature, human emotions and biases in such a new environment. The primary audience for this book are all researchers interested in the human factor in a space mission including philosophers, social scientists, astronomers, and others. This volume will also be of high interest for a much wider audience like the non-academic world, or for students.


Safe on Mars

Safe on Mars

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  • Author: National Research Council
  • Publisher: National Academies Press
  • ISBN: 0309169593
  • Category : Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 65

This study, commissioned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), examines the role of robotic exploration missions in assessing the risks to the first human missions to Mars. Only those hazards arising from exposure to environmental, chemical, and biological agents on the planet are assessed. To ensure that it was including all previously identified hazards in its study, the Committee on Precursor Measurements Necessary to Support Human Operations on the Surface of Mars referred to the most recent report from NASA's Mars Exploration Program/ Payload Analysis Group (MEPAG) (Greeley, 2001). The committee concluded that the requirements identified in the present NRC report are indeed the only ones essential for NASA to pursue in order to mitigate potential hazards to the first human missions to Mars.


Human Missions to Outer Space (A True Book: Space Exploration)

Human Missions to Outer Space (A True Book: Space Exploration)

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  • Author: Laurie Calkhoven
  • Publisher: Scholastic Inc.
  • ISBN: 1338825933
  • Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 52

From the first time a person looked up at the sky and wondered 'What's out there?" humans have dreamed about exploring the cosmos. About 60 years ago, the first manned spacecraft left Earth's atmosphere for the first time. In the years since, astronauts have visited the moon several times-and have spent extended time living in outer space. We even have plans to send humans to Mars by the 2030s! Share in the joy of exploration and discovery with Human Missions to Outer Space. ABOUT THE SERIES: This book is part of A True Book series, Space Exploration, that includes the titles Human Missions to Outer Space, Mars Rovers, The International Space Station and UFO's. The series features the latest NASA imagery and lively text to bring the wonder of space exploarion directly to readers.


Humans to Mars

Humans to Mars

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  • Author: David S. F. Portree
  • Publisher:
  • ISBN:
  • Category : Space flight to Mars
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 164


Review and Assessment of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes

Review and Assessment of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes

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  • Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
  • Publisher: National Academies Press
  • ISBN: 0309478650
  • Category : Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 139

Protecting Earth's environment and other solar system bodies from harmful contamination has been an important principle throughout the history of space exploration. For decades, the scientific, political, and economic conditions of space exploration converged in ways that contributed to effective development and implementation of planetary protection policies at national and international levels. However, the future of space exploration faces serious challenges to the development and implementation of planetary protection policy. The most disruptive changes are associated with (1) sample return from, and human missions to, Mars; and (2) missions to those bodies in the outer solar system possessing water oceans beneath their icy surfaces. Review and Assessment of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes addresses the implications of changes in the complexion of solar system exploration as they apply to the process of developing planetary protection policy. Specifically, this report examines the history of planetary protection policy, assesses the current policy development process, and recommends actions to improve the policy development process in the future.


Human Mission to Mars. Colonizing the Red Planet

Human Mission to Mars. Colonizing the Red Planet

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  • Author: Paul Davies
  • Publisher: Cosmology.com
  • ISBN: 9780982955239
  • Category : Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 976

This volume collects papers from more than 70 U.S. and foreign experts, including astronauts, scientists, engineers, technologists, medical doctors, psychologists, and economists to share their views and thoughts on a human mission to Mars.


NASA's Journey to Mars: Pioneering Next Steps in Space Exploration

NASA's Journey to Mars: Pioneering Next Steps in Space Exploration

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  • Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • Publisher: Government Printing Office
  • ISBN:
  • Category : Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 36

This document communicates NASA’s strategy and progress to learn about the Red Planet, to inform us more about our Earth’s past and future, and may help answer whether life exists beyond our home planet. Together with NASA’s partners in academia and commercial enterprises, NASA’s vision is to pioneer Mars and answer some of humanity’s fundamental questions: • Was Mars home to microbial life? Is it today? • Could it be a safe home for humans one day? • What can it teach us about life elsewhere in the cosmos or how life began on Earth? • What can it teach us about Earth’s past, present, and future?


The Mars Project

The Mars Project

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  • Author: Wernher Von Braun
  • Publisher: University of Illinois Press
  • ISBN: 9780252062278
  • Category : History
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 116

This classic on space travel was first published in 1953, when interplanetary space flight was considered science fiction by most of those who considered it at all. Here the German-born scientist Wernher von Braun detailed what he believed were the problems and possibilities inherent in a projected expedition to Mars. Today von Braun is recognized as the person most responsible for laying the groundwork for public acceptance of America's space program. When President Bush directed NASA in 1989 to prepare plans for an orbiting space station, lunar research bases, and human exploration of Mars, he was largely echoing what von Braun proposed in The Mars Project.


Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars

Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars

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  • Author: National Research Council
  • Publisher: National Academies Press
  • ISBN: 030909724X
  • Category : Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 166

Recent spacecraft and robotic probes to Mars have yielded data that are changing our understanding significantly about the possibility of existing or past life on that planet. Coupled with advances in biology and life-detection techniques, these developments place increasing importance on the need to protect Mars from contamination by Earth-borne organisms. To help with this effort, NASA requested that the NRC examine existing planetary protection measures for Mars and recommend changes and further research to improve such measures. This report discusses policies, requirements, and techniques to protect Mars from organisms originating on Earth that could interfere with scientific investigations. It provides recommendations on cleanliness and biological burden levels of Mars-bound spacecraft, methods to reach those levels, and research to reduce uncertainties in preventing forward contamination of Mars.