Fields of Expertise

Fields of Expertise

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  • Author: Christelle Rabier
  • Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
  • ISBN: 1527566366
  • Category : History
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 351

The primacy of experts and expertise in current fields of public policy, governance and non-governmental organizations has accompanied increasing confusion on the foundations of their practices and the adequacy of their methods. Fields of Expertise clarifies the complex heritage of experts by exploring their relationship with legal, political and administrative powers from a comparative historical and interdisciplinary perspective. Specifically, the authors offer case studies on expert procedures in the two capital cities of Paris and London since 1600 in the essential areas of risk management, medical procedures, economic policy, and administrative reform. In doing so, they provide insight into the evolution of expert procedures while at the same time taking into consideration the interdisciplinary nature of scholarship on expertise drawn from Sociology, Science Studies and Political Science. The following articles thus challenge traditional views on the nature of expertise and provide a synthesis of the vast and disparate literature that has been written on the subject. Fields of Expertise’s international perspectives and multi-disciplinary grasp of the literature in political science, sociology, science studies and history will be useful to scholars and students alike in addressing this highly topical issue. The essays reference mainstream sources and widely-documented cases on experts and expertise, making it accessible to the general reader as well.


The Organization of the Expert Society

The Organization of the Expert Society

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  • Author: Andreas werr
  • Publisher: Taylor & Francis
  • ISBN: 1317365127
  • Category : Business & Economics
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 240

It is often claimed that we live in an expert society, a society where more and more individuals take expert roles in increasingly narrow fields. In contrast to more traditional experts most of these new experts lack generally accepted mechanisms for the certification and legitimation of their expertise. This book focuses on these new as well as established experts and the efforts undertaken to secure and legitimate their expertise. We view these efforts as organizing attempts and study them on four different levels – the society, the market, the organization and the individual. Based on empirical studies on these four levels of analysis, The Organization of the Expert Society makes the argument that current organizing initiatives in the expert society are based in an objectifying view of expertise that risks concealing and downplaying key aspects of expertise. Well-intended organizing initiatives in the expert society thus run the risk of promoting ignorance rather than securing expertise. Focusing on a current, general and global phenomenon, the rise and organization of an expert society. The Organization of the Expert Society will be key reading for scholars, academics and policy makers in the management fields of Organizational Theory, Management Consulting, Organizations & Society, Critical Management Studies as well as the disciplines of Sociology, Political Science and Social Anthropology.


The Death of Expertise

The Death of Expertise

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  • Author: Tom Nichols
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN: 0197763839
  • Category : Computers
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 337

"In the early 1990s, a small group of "AIDS denialists," including a University of California professor named Peter Duesberg, argued against virtually the entire medical establishment's consensus that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was the cause of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Science thrives on such counterintuitive challenges, but there was no evidence for Duesberg's beliefs, which turned out to be baseless. Once researchers found HIV, doctors and public health officials were able to save countless lives through measures aimed at preventing its transmission"--


Hearings on the Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act

Hearings on the Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act

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  • Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Postsecondary Education
  • Publisher:
  • ISBN:
  • Category : Federal aid to higher education
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 1542


The Politics of Expertise

The Politics of Expertise

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  • Author: Ole Jacob Sending
  • Publisher: University of Michigan Press
  • ISBN: 047211963X
  • Category : Political Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 175

A groundbreaking analysis that sheds new light on global governance


Development of Professional Expertise

Development of Professional Expertise

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  • Author: K. Anders Ericsson
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN: 0521518466
  • Category : Business & Economics
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 571

Professionals such as medical doctors, aeroplane pilots, lawyers, and technical specialists find that some of their peers have reached high levels of achievement that are difficult to measure objectively. In order to understand to what extent it is possible to learn from these expert performers for the purpose of helping others improve their performance, we first need to reproduce and measure this performance. This book is designed to provide the first comprehensive overview of research on the acquisition and training of professional performance as measured by objective methods rather than by subjective ratings by supervisors. In this collection of articles, the world's foremost experts discuss methods for assessing the experts' knowledge and review our knowledge on how we can measure professional performance and design training environments that permit beginning and experienced professionals to develop and maintain their high levels of performance, using examples from a wide range of professional domains.


Marine Biotechnology, Revealing an Ocean of Opportunities

Marine Biotechnology, Revealing an Ocean of Opportunities

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  • Author: Ana Rotter
  • Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
  • ISBN: 2889747352
  • Category : Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 420


Interpol's Forensic Science Review

Interpol's Forensic Science Review

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  • Author: Niamh Nic Daeid
  • Publisher: CRC Press
  • ISBN: 1439826595
  • Category : Law
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 798

Every three years, worldwide forensics experts gather at the Interpol Forensic Science Symposium to exchange ideas and discuss scientific advances in the field of forensic science and criminal justice. Drawn from contributions made at the latest gathering in Lyon, France, Interpol's Forensic Science Review is a one-source reference providing a comp


Integrated E-learning

Integrated E-learning

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  • Author: Wim Jochems
  • Publisher: Psychology Press
  • ISBN: 9780415335027
  • Category : Business & Economics
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 228

This book forms a serious, in-depth study of the subject and proposes that e-learning is not simply a matter of 'digitizing' traditional materials, but involves a new approach, which must take into account pedagogical, technological and organizational features to form a well-designed education system.


“I don’t translate, I create!”

“I don’t translate, I create!”

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  • Author: Vanessa Drexler
  • Publisher: diplom.de
  • ISBN: 3954899779
  • Category : Literary Collections
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 122

“I don’t translate, I create!” – This is the slogan of a translation agency called “Sternkopf Communications” located in Flöha, Germany. The translators at this translation agency are specialized in the field of marketing and perceive creativeness their daily bread. But what does this actually mean – I don’t translate, I create? Undoubtedly, the translation of a text from one language into another is not an easy and straightforward process. On the contrary, the translator needs to invest much time and one or the other headache before a target text (TT) finally sounds natural, fluent, coherent and logical for the target audience. Different possible translation solutions will have to be considered, language as well as culture-related equivalents often are not easily at hand etc. Would it not be pleasant if machine translation (MT) was there to help with this process? Yet, despite the enormous importance of creativity in translating, computer-aided translation (CAT) tools are being used frequently by professional translators, not to replace but to support the translator in their daily business. CAT tools enable their users to translate in a more consistent way, since they search source texts for words, phrases or sentences that have already been translated before and stored in the TM so that the translator does not need to translate this text unit again ‘from scratch’. Considering that this process brings about what could be called ‘semi-mechanical’ TTs, the use of CAT tools seems to stand in stark contrast to the importance of creativity mentioned above. Thus, the question arises whether CAT tools influence the creative energy of translators and, if this is the case, whether translators regard this influence as rather positive or negative. In this context, it is also important to consider which fields of expertise generally demand a high degree of uniformity/consistency in translations and which subject fields generally allow for a high degree of creative freedom. Accordingly, this paper pursues two related purposes. The first is to compare five CAT tools in their degree of usability. The second purpose is to identify translators’ perspectives on uniformity and creativity in translations with the goal to shedding light on the question whether CAT tools generally tend to positively or negatively influence the translation process on a rather linguistic than technological basis.