Exploring the Black Box

Exploring the Black Box

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  • Author: Nathan Rosenberg
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN: 9780521459556
  • Category : Business & Economics
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 288

The process of technological change takes a wide variety of forms. Propositions that may be accurate when referring to the pharmaceutical industry may be totally inappropriate when applied to the aircraft industry or to computers or forest products. The central theme of Nathan Rosenberg's new book is the idea that technological changes are often 'path dependent', in the sense that their form and direction tend to be influenced strongly by the particular sequence of earlier events out of which a new technology has emerged. The book advances the understanding of technological change by explictly recognising its essential diversity and path-dependent nature. Individual chapters explore the particular features of new technologies in different historical and sectoral contexts. This book presents a unique account of how technological change is generated and the processes by which improved technologies are introduced.


Inside the Black Box

Inside the Black Box

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  • Author: Nathan Rosenberg
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN: 9780521273671
  • Category : Business & Economics
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 322

The purpose of Professor Rosenberg's work is to break open and examine the contents of the black box.


Working Inside the Black Box

Working Inside the Black Box

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  • Author: Paul Black
  • Publisher: Granada Learning
  • ISBN: 9780708713792
  • Category : Education
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 28

Offers practical advice on using and improving assessment for learning in the classroom.


The Black Box Society

The Black Box Society

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  • Author: Frank Pasquale
  • Publisher: Harvard University Press
  • ISBN: 0674967100
  • Category : Law
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 320

Every day, corporations are connecting the dots about our personal behavior—silently scrutinizing clues left behind by our work habits and Internet use. The data compiled and portraits created are incredibly detailed, to the point of being invasive. But who connects the dots about what firms are doing with this information? The Black Box Society argues that we all need to be able to do so—and to set limits on how big data affects our lives. Hidden algorithms can make (or ruin) reputations, decide the destiny of entrepreneurs, or even devastate an entire economy. Shrouded in secrecy and complexity, decisions at major Silicon Valley and Wall Street firms were long assumed to be neutral and technical. But leaks, whistleblowers, and legal disputes have shed new light on automated judgment. Self-serving and reckless behavior is surprisingly common, and easy to hide in code protected by legal and real secrecy. Even after billions of dollars of fines have been levied, underfunded regulators may have only scratched the surface of this troubling behavior. Frank Pasquale exposes how powerful interests abuse secrecy for profit and explains ways to rein them in. Demanding transparency is only the first step. An intelligible society would assure that key decisions of its most important firms are fair, nondiscriminatory, and open to criticism. Silicon Valley and Wall Street need to accept as much accountability as they impose on others.


Challenges in Language Testing Around the World

Challenges in Language Testing Around the World

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  • Author: Betty Lanteigne
  • Publisher: Springer Nature
  • ISBN: 9813342323
  • Category : Education
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 553

This book combines insights from language assessment literacy and critical language testing through critical analyses and research about challenges in language assessment around the world. It investigates problematic practices in language testing which are relevant to language test users such as language program directors, testing centers, and language teachers, as well as teachers-in-training in Graduate Diploma and Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics programs. These issues involve aspects of language testing such as test development, test administration, scoring, and interpretation/use of test results. Chapters in this volume discuss insights about language testing policy, testing world languages, developing program-level language tests and tests of specific language skills, and language assessment literacy. In addition, this book identifies two needs in language testing for further examination: the need for collaboration between language test developers, language test users, and language users, and the need to base language tests on real-world language use.


Interpretable Machine Learning

Interpretable Machine Learning

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  • Author: Christoph Molnar
  • Publisher: Lulu.com
  • ISBN: 0244768528
  • Category : Computers
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 320

This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.


Black Box

Black Box

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  • Author: Jennifer Egan
  • Publisher: Hachette UK
  • ISBN: 1472102819
  • Category : Fiction
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 44

'Close your eyes and slowly count backward from ten.' America, the near future. A young spy on a mission logs her observations. The result is an intense thriller, and a minute dissection of the experience of a woman whose beauty is also her camouflage, for whom control relies on submission: a woman whose success - whose life - depends on being seen and not seen. Originally published online via Twitter by @NYerFiction, Jennifer Egan's first new fiction since the phenomenal success of A Visit From the Goon Squad is a taut, compulsive work of unrelenting genius.


Inside the Primary Black Box

Inside the Primary Black Box

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  • Author: Christine Harrison
  • Publisher: Granada Learning
  • ISBN: 9780708717684
  • Category : Education
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 40


Black Boxed

Black Boxed

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  • Author: Christian Workman
  • Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
  • ISBN: 1465343628
  • Category : Biography & Autobiography
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 138

In psychology, the black box theory works like this. Before something, such as an emotion, enters the black box, we can observe and understand it. It then goes through the box where we cant see what is occurring. We can only see what comes out and how it has changed. Regardless of the outcome, well never know exactly what occurred inside the box. A black box can represent many things, especially the mind.


Spotify Teardown

Spotify Teardown

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  • Author: Maria Eriksson
  • Publisher: MIT Press
  • ISBN: 0262038900
  • Category : Social Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 287

An innovative investigation of the inner workings of Spotify that traces the transformation of audio files into streamed experience. Spotify provides a streaming service that has been welcomed as disrupting the world of music. Yet such disruption always comes at a price. Spotify Teardown contests the tired claim that digital culture thrives on disruption. Borrowing the notion of “teardown” from reverse-engineering processes, in this book a team of five researchers have playfully disassembled Spotify's product and the way it is commonly understood. Spotify has been hailed as the solution to illicit downloading, but it began as a partly illicit enterprise that grew out of the Swedish file-sharing community. Spotify was originally praised as an innovative digital platform but increasingly resembles a media company in need of regulation, raising questions about the ways in which such cultural content as songs, books, and films are now typically made available online. Spotify Teardown combines interviews, participant observations, and other analyses of Spotify's “front end” with experimental, covert investigations of its “back end.” The authors engaged in a series of interventions, which include establishing a record label for research purposes, intercepting network traffic with packet sniffers, and web-scraping corporate materials. The authors' innovative digital methods earned them a stern letter from Spotify accusing them of violating its terms of use; the company later threatened their research funding. Thus, the book itself became an intervention into the ethics and legal frameworks of corporate behavior.