Diploma Democracy

2017-06-23
Diploma Democracy

PDF Diploma Democracy Download

  • Author: Mark Bovens
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN: 0192507915
  • Category : Political Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 328

Lay politics lies at the heart of democracy. Political offices are the only offices for which no formal qualifications are required. Contemporary political practices are diametrically opposed to this constitutional ideal. Most democracies in Western Europe are diploma democracies - ruled by those with the highest formal qualifications. Citizens with low or medium educational qualifications currently make up about 70 percent of the electorates, yet they have become virtually absent from almost all political arenas. University graduates have come to dominate all political institutions and venues, from political parties, parliaments and cabinets, to organised interests, deliberative settings, and Internet consultations. This rise of a political meritocracy is part of larger trend. In the information society, educational background, like class or religion, is an important source of social and political divides. Those who are well educated tend to be cosmopolitans, whereas the lesser educated citizens are more likely to be nationalists. This book documents the context, contours, and consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy. It explores the domination of higher educated citizens in political participation, civil society, and political office in Western Europe. It discusses the consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy, such as descriptive deficits, policy incongruences, biased standards, and cynicism and distrust. Also, it looks at ways to remedy, or at least mitigate, some of the negative effects of diploma democracy.

Diploma of Whiteness

2003-03-19
Diploma of Whiteness

PDF Diploma of Whiteness Download

  • Author: Jerry Dávila
  • Publisher: Duke University Press
  • ISBN: 0822384442
  • Category : Education
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 306

In Brazil, the country with the largest population of African descent in the Americas, the idea of race underwent a dramatic shift in the first half of the twentieth century. Brazilian authorities, who had considered race a biological fact, began to view it as a cultural and environmental condition. Jerry Dávila explores the significance of this transition by looking at the history of the Rio de Janeiro school system between 1917 and 1945. He demonstrates how, in the period between the world wars, the dramatic proliferation of social policy initiatives in Brazil was subtly but powerfully shaped by beliefs that racially mixed and nonwhite Brazilians could be symbolically, if not physically, whitened through changes in culture, habits, and health. Providing a unique historical perspective on how racial attitudes move from elite discourse into people’s lives, Diploma of Whiteness shows how public schools promoted the idea that whites were inherently fit and those of African or mixed ancestry were necessarily in need of remedial attention. Analyzing primary material—including school system records, teacher journals, photographs, private letters, and unpublished documents—Dávila traces the emergence of racially coded hiring practices and student-tracking policies as well as the development of a social and scientific philosophy of eugenics. He contends that the implementation of the various policies intended to “improve” nonwhites institutionalized subtle barriers to their equitable integration into Brazilian society.

The Oxford Handbook of Political Representation in Liberal Democracies

2020-07-28
The Oxford Handbook of Political Representation in Liberal Democracies

PDF The Oxford Handbook of Political Representation in Liberal Democracies Download

  • Author: Robert Rohrschneider
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN: 0192558692
  • Category : Political Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 752

The Handbook of Political Representation in Liberal Democracies offers a state-of-the-art assessment of the functioning of political representation in liberal democracies. In 34 chapters the world's leading scholars on the various aspects of political representation address eight broad themes: The concept and theories of political representation, its history and the main requisites for its development; elite orientations and behavior; descriptive representation; party government and representation; non-electoral forms of political participation and how they relate to political representation; the challenges to representative democracy originating from the growing importance of non-majoritarian institutions and social media; the rise of populism and its consequences for the functioning of representative democracy; the challenge caused by economic and political globlization: what does it mean for the functioning of political representation at the national leval and is it possible to develop institutions of representative democracy at a level above the state that meet the normative criteria of representative democracy and are supported by the people? The various chapters offer a comprehensive review of the literature on the various aspects of political representation. The main organizing principle of the Handbook is the chain of political representation, the chain connecting the interests and policy preferences of the people to public policy via political parties, parliament, and government. Most of the chapters assessing the functioning of the chain of political representation and its various links are based on original comparative political research. Comparative research on political representation and its various subfields has developed dramatically over the last decades so that even ten years ago a Handbook like this would have looked totally different.

Vital Democracy

2010-04-08
Vital Democracy

PDF Vital Democracy Download

  • Author: Frank Hendriks
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN: 019957278X
  • Category : Philosophy
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 256

Vital Democracy outlines an innovative new theory of democracy in action.

Values, Voice and Virtue

2023-03-30
Values, Voice and Virtue

PDF Values, Voice and Virtue Download

  • Author: Matthew Goodwin
  • Publisher: Random House
  • ISBN: 1802062270
  • Category : Political Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 254

*THE SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER* *A Financial Times 2023 book to watch* 'Forceful ... The fundamental thrust of Goodwin's argument is right ... a new centre ground of British politics is being formed - even if both parties have yet to fully comprehend it' The Times What has caused the recent seismic changes in British politics, including Brexit and a series of populist revolts against the elite? Why did so many people want to overturn the status quo? Where have the Left gone wrong? And what deeper trends are driving these changes? British politics is coming apart. A country once known for its stability has recently experienced a series of shocking upheavals. Matthew Goodwin, acclaimed political scientist and co-author of National Populism, shows that the reason is not economic hardship, personalities or dark money. It is a far wider political realignment that will be with us for years to come. An increasingly liberalised, globalised ruling class has lost touch with millions, who found their values ignored, their voices unheard and their virtue denied. Now, this new alliance of voters is set to determine Britain's fate.

Head, Hand, Heart

2021-09-28
Head, Hand, Heart

PDF Head, Hand, Heart Download

  • Author: David Goodhart
  • Publisher: Simon and Schuster
  • ISBN: 1982128461
  • Category : Business & Economics
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 368

"In his follow-up to the bestselling The Road to somewhere, David Goodhart divides society into people who work with their Heads (cognitive work), with their Hands (manual work), or with their Hearts (caring work), and considers each group's changing status and influence. Today, the "the best and the brightest" trump the "decent and hardworking." Other qualities like character, craft, integrity, physical labor, and compassion command far less respect. This imbalance has led to the disaffection and alienation of millions of people. How did we get here? Goodhart, one of the boldest thinkers on the political shocks of recent years, reveals the untold history behind this disparity and outlines the challenges we face as a result. This is the dramatic story of the struggle for status and dignity in the twenty-first century."--Page 4 of cover

High Points in the Work of the High Schools of New York City

1955
High Points in the Work of the High Schools of New York City

PDF High Points in the Work of the High Schools of New York City Download

  • Author: New York (N.Y.). Board of Education
  • Publisher:
  • ISBN:
  • Category : American periodicals
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 764

The Oxford Handbook of Dutch Politics

2024-10-06
The Oxford Handbook of Dutch Politics

PDF The Oxford Handbook of Dutch Politics Download

  • Author:
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN: 0198875517
  • Category : Political Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 881

The Oxford Handbook of Dutch Politics provides a comprehensive longitudinal overview of the state of the art of academic research on the Dutch political system: its origins and historical development, its key institutions, main fault lines, pivotal processes, and key public policy dynamics. In each of the chapters, researchers take stock of what - if anything - has changed over time, how scholars have conceptualized and studied these dynamics, and what key factors can account for the developmental patterns found to be at play. Notwithstanding its considerable degree of constitutional and institutional stability, Dutch politics has seen considerable step changes and occasional upheavals across the last half century. Influenced by long-term demographic, socio-economic, and cultural shifts the old social cleavages have waned. New social identities and dividing lines - such as ethnicity, education, place, and gender - have influenced Dutch citizens' political attitudes and behaviours, including their voting patterns. The media landscape and the information environment have been altered by new technologies that politicians and citizens alike have to navigate. This has produced changes in such pivotal components as the party system, coalition formation and management process, and executive-legislative relations, and many others. Moreover, public policy paradigms and the political coalitions that sustained them have ascended and lost traction in most of the eleven policy domains discussed in the Handbook. In all, this volume provides unique and indispensable insights into stability and change in a political system that once gained notoriety as an archetype of a consensual or consociational democracy.

Citizen Politics

2018-12-13
Citizen Politics

PDF Citizen Politics Download

  • Author: Russell J. Dalton
  • Publisher: CQ Press
  • ISBN: 1544351968
  • Category : Political Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 353

"The book’s combined focus on parties as institutions and systems, alongside political attitudes and behaviors, is why I use it...I have yet to find another text that accomplishes this." —Meredith Conroy, California State University, San Bernardino Now, more than ever, people drive the democratic process. What people think of their government and its leaders, how (or whether) they vote, and what they do or say about a host of political issues greatly affect the further strengthening or erosion of democracy and democratic ideals. This fully updated, shorter Seventh Edition of Citizen Politics continues to offer the only truly comparative study of political attitudes and behavior in the United States, Great Britain, France, and Germany. In addition to its comprehensive, thematic examination of political values, political activity, voting, and public images of government within a cross-national context, the updated edition of this bestseller explores how cultural issues, populism, Trump and far right parties are reshaping politics in contemporary democracies. All chapters have been updated with the latest research and empirical evidence. Further, Dalton includes recent research on citizens’ political behavior in USA, Britain, France, and Germany, as well as new evidence from national election studies in USA 2016, Britain 2017, France 2017, and Germany 2017.

The Oxford Handbook of Political Participation

2022-07-21
The Oxford Handbook of Political Participation

PDF The Oxford Handbook of Political Participation Download

  • Author: Marco Giugni
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN: 0192605356
  • Category : Political Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 1182

The Oxford Handbook of Political Participation provides the first comprehensive, up-to-date treatment of political participation in all its varied forms, investigates a wide range of topics in the field from both a theoretical and methodological perspective, and covers the most recent developments in the area. It brings together research traditions from political science and sociology, bridging the gap in particular between political sociology and social movement studies; contributions also draw on crucial work in psychology, economics, anthropology, and geography. Following a detailed introduction from the editors, the volume is divided into nine parts that explore political participation across disciplines; core theoretical perspectives; methodological approaches; modes of participation; contexts; determinants; processes; outcomes; and current trends and future directions. The book will be a valuable reference work for anyone interested in understanding political participation and related themes.