The Bilingual Advantage

The Bilingual Advantage

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  • Author: Diane Rodríguez
  • Publisher: Teachers College Press
  • ISBN: 0807772674
  • Category : Education
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 174

This comprehensive account of bilingualism examines the importance of using students’ native languages as a tool for supporting higher levels of learning. The authors highlight the social, linguistic, neuro-cognitive, and academic advantages of bilingualism, as well as the challenges faced by English language learners and their teachers in schools across the United States. They describe effective strategies for using native languages, even when the teacher lacks proficiency in a language. This resource addresses both the latest research and theory on native language instruction, along with its practical application (the what, why, and how) in K–8 classrooms. Key features include: Examples of programs that address the needs of learners from diverse language backgrounds, including Spanish, Chinese, Korean, Haitian Creole, Hindi, Bengali, and Russian. Teaching strategies, activities, and student tasks geared toward current academic standards. The role of primary language in ESL, dual language, special education, and general education programs. “At last, a book that focuses on the development of students’ bilingualism from the point of view of their home languages and not simply English! Rodríguez, Carrasquillo, and Lee lead teachers in uncovering the treasure of the home language in bilingual learning.” —Ofelia García, professor, The Graduate Center, City University of New York “I highly recommend The Bilingual Advantage . . . an essential tool to achieve equity and social justice as these evidence-based practices promote the high achievement and success of English learners within our schools.” —Jose Luis Alvarado, associate dean, College of Education, San Diego State University “This book brings together the latest research on the advantages of children learning in two languages and two cultures.” —From the Foreword by Margarita Calderón, professor emerita, Johns Hopkins University


Bilingual Advantages

Bilingual Advantages

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  • Author: Zhilong Xie
  • Publisher: Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften
  • ISBN: 9783034320818
  • Category : Bilingualism
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 0

This publication compares differences in cognitive control between bilingual individuals with heterogeneous bilingual experiences. The results clarify the specific relationships between three different bilingual experiences and three aspects of bilingual advantage in cognitive control.


The Bilingual Advantage

The Bilingual Advantage

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  • Author: Rebecca M. Callahan
  • Publisher: Multilingual Matters
  • ISBN: 1783092424
  • Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 318

Using novel methodological approaches and new data, The Bilingual Advantage draws together researchers from education, economics, sociology, anthropology and linguistics to examine the economic and employment benefits of bilingualism in the US labor market, countering past research that shows no such benefits exist.


Perspectives on the ‘Bilingual Advantage’: Challenges and Opportunities

Perspectives on the ‘Bilingual Advantage’: Challenges and Opportunities

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  • Author: Peter Bright
  • Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
  • ISBN: 288963017X
  • Category :
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 202

The claim that multilanguage acquisition drives advantages in ‘executive function’ is currently an issue of vigorous debate in academic literature. Critics argue that evidence for this advantage has been confounded by unsound or questionable methodological practices, with some investigators abandoning research in this area altogether, indicating either that there is no bilingual advantage or that it is impossible to capture and therefore rule out alternative explanations for group differences. Over the past decade, and against this backdrop, theory has developed from a relatively narrow focus on inhibitory control to incorporate theory of mind, rule-based learning, reactive and proactive control, visuo-spatial memory, and control of verbal interference in speech comprehension. Most recently, authors have claimed that the process of becoming bilingual may also impact on metacognitive abilities. The fundamental issue is whether the limited capacity and goal-directed selectivity of our executive system can somehow be enhanced or otherwise profit from the continuous, intense competition associated with communicating in multilingual environments. However, although this issue has received much attention in academic literature, the question of which cognitive mechanisms are most influenced by the enhanced competition associated with multilingual contexts remains unresolved. Therefore, rather than dismissing this important topic, we advocate a more systematic approach in which the effects of multilinguistic experience are assessed and interpreted across well-defined stages of cognitive development. We encourage a broad, developmentally informed approach to plotting the trajectory of interactions between multi-language learning and cognitive development, using a convergence of neuroimaging and behavioral methods, across the whole lifespan. Moreover, we suggest that the current theoretical framing of the bilingual advantage is simplistic, and this issue may limit attempts to identify specific mechanisms most likely to be modulated by multilingual experience. For example, there is a tendency in academic literature to treat ‘executive function’ as an essentially unitary fronto-parietal system recruited in response to all manner of cognitive demand, yet performance across so called ‘executive function’ tasks is highly variable and intercorrelations are sometimes low. It may be the case that some ‘higher level’ mechanisms of 'executive function' remain relatively unaffected, while others are more sensitive to multilingual experience – and that there may be disadvantages as well as advantages, which themselves may be sensitive to factors such as age. In our view, there is an urgent need to take a more fine-grained approach to this issue, so that the strength and direction of changes in diverse cognitive abilities associated with multilanguage acquisition can be better understood. This book compiles work from psychologists and neuroscientists who actively research whether, how, and the extent to which multilanguage acquisition promotes enhanced cognition or protects against age-related cognitive or neurological deterioration. We hope this collection encourages future efforts to drive theoretical progress well beyond the highly simplistic issue of whether the bilingual cognitive advantage is real or spurious.


The Bilingual Advantage in Executive Functioning Hypothesis

The Bilingual Advantage in Executive Functioning Hypothesis

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  • Author: Kenneth Paap
  • Publisher: Taylor & Francis
  • ISBN: 100081548X
  • Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 312

The Bilingual Advantage in Executive Functioning Hypothesis is a ground-breaking book that explores one of the liveliest debates in bilingualism and cognitive psychology. It examines the hypothesis that using two languages leads to the enhancement of domain-general executive functioning (EF) and argues that either the bilingual advantage does not exist or is restricted to very specific circumstances. The conclusion extends to situations where EF is referred to as self-control, self-regulation, self-discipline, attention-control, impulse control, inhibitory control, cognitive control, and willpower. The book explores the evolving core assumptions underlying the bilingual advantage hypothesis, framing the debate within the broader context of a replication crisis. It provides a critical review of seminal studies and meta-analyses and argues that the empirical evidence does not support a bilingual advantage on EF that is distinguishable from zero. Part I lays the foundation for the debate, providing the background needed to understand the state-of-the-art research on EF and bilingual language control. The next part then provides a detailed review of the empirical evidence triggering each iteration of the hypothesis. This includes new data that compares tests of the bilingual advantage hypothesis based on self-reports of cognitive control to performance-based measures of EF. A third theoretical part considers several explanations for why managing two languages may not enhance aspects of domain-general cognition. This is essential reading for students and scholars in bilingualism, psychology, linguistics, languages, speech and hearing science, and related fields. It also serves as an excellent primary source for graduate courses on the bilingual advantage debate, and is useful for advanced undergraduate courses in psycholinguistics, cognition or bilingualism.


Individual Variation and the Bilingual Advantage - Factors that Modulate the Effect of Bilingualism on Cognitive Control and Cognitive Reserve

Individual Variation and the Bilingual Advantage - Factors that Modulate the Effect of Bilingualism on Cognitive Control and Cognitive Reserve

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  • Author: Maurits Van den Noort
  • Publisher: MDPI
  • ISBN: 3039281046
  • Category : Social Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 264

The number of bilingual and multilingual speakers around the world is steadily growing, leading to the questions: How do bilinguals manage two or more language systems in their daily interactions, and how does being bilingual/multilingual affect brain functioning and vice versa? Previous research has shown that cognitive control plays a key role in bilingual language management. This hypothesis is further supported by the fact that foreign languages have been found to affect not only the expected linguistic domains, but surprisingly, other non-linguistic domains such as cognitive control, attention, inhibition, and working memory. Somehow, learning languages seems to affect executive/brain functioning. In the literature, this is referred to as the bilingual advantage, meaning that people who learn two or more languages seem to outperform monolinguals in executive functioning skills. In this Special Issue, we first present studies that investigate the bilingual advantage. We also go one step further, by focusing on factors that modulate the effect of bilingualism on cognitive control. In the second, smaller part of our Special Issue, we focus on the cognitive reserve hypothesis with the aim of addressing the following questions: Does the daily use of two or more languages protect the aging individual against cognitive decline? Does lifelong bilingualism protect against brain diseases, such as dementia, later in life?


Individual Variation and the Bilingual Advantage - Factors that Modulate the Effect of Bilingualism on Cognitive Control and Cognitive Reserve

Individual Variation and the Bilingual Advantage - Factors that Modulate the Effect of Bilingualism on Cognitive Control and Cognitive Reserve

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  • Author: Maurits Van den Noort
  • Publisher:
  • ISBN: 9783039281053
  • Category : Psychology
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 264

The number of bilingual and multilingual speakers around the world is steadily growing, leading to the questions: How do bilinguals manage two or more language systems in their daily interactions, and how does being bilingual/multilingual affect brain functioning and vice versa? Previous research has shown that cognitive control plays a key role in bilingual language management. This hypothesis is further supported by the fact that foreign languages have been found to affect not only the expected linguistic domains, but surprisingly, other non-linguistic domains such as cognitive control, attention, inhibition, and working memory. Somehow, learning languages seems to affect executive/brain functioning. In the literature, this is referred to as the bilingual advantage, meaning that people who learn two or more languages seem to outperform monolinguals in executive functioning skills. In this Special Issue, we first present studies that investigate the bilingual advantage. We also go one step further, by focusing on factors that modulate the effect of bilingualism on cognitive control. In the second, smaller part of our Special Issue, we focus on the cognitive reserve hypothesis with the aim of addressing the following questions: Does the daily use of two or more languages protect the aging individual against cognitive decline? Does lifelong bilingualism protect against brain diseases, such as dementia, later in life?


Demystifying Bilingualism

Demystifying Bilingualism

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  • Author: Silke Jansen
  • Publisher: Springer Nature
  • ISBN: 3030870634
  • Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 381

This book analyses changing views on bilingualism in Cognitive Psychology and explores their socio-cultural embeddedness. It offers a new, innovative perspective on the debate on possible cognitive (dis)advantages in bilinguals, arguing that it is biased by popular “language myths”, which often manifest themselves in the form of metaphors. Since its beginnings, Cognitive Psychology has consistently modelled the coexistence between languages in the brain using metaphors of struggle, conflict and competition. However, an ideological shift from nationalist and monolingual ideologies to the celebration of bilingualism under multicultural and neoliberal ideologies in the course of the 20th century fostered opposing interpretations of language coexistence in the brain and its effects on bilinguals at different moments in time. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of Cognitive Psychology, Psycholinguistics, Multilingualism and Applied Linguistics, Cognitive and Computational Linguistics, and Critical Metaphor Analysis.


Bilingualism in Development

Bilingualism in Development

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  • Author: Ellen Bialystok
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN: 9780521635073
  • Category : Psychology
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 304

Describes how intellectual development of bilingual children differs from that of monolingual children.


The Bilingual Advantage on Recollection and Familiarity

The Bilingual Advantage on Recollection and Familiarity

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  • Author: Nikita Adhikari
  • Publisher:
  • ISBN:
  • Category : Bilingualism
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 0

Extensive evidence has shown that individuals who speak two languages have advantages in cognitive functions such as attention, inhibition, multi-tasking, and memory, compared those who only speak one language. This finding is known as the bilingual advantage (BA) hypothesis. This advantage has been most evident in difficult nonverbal tasks, such as the Simon task, the Stroop task, and the Flanker task. However, the BA hypothesis has also been met with criticism, with some researchers stating that cognitive differences between bilinguals and monolinguals do not exist. The current study examined the performance of 68 college students, 39 monolingual and 29 bilingual, on a variant of the process dissociation procedure (PDP) to measure recognition of colorful, abstract fractal images. The variant of the PDP utilized two lists of images presented to the participants during the study phase, followed by a testing phase for studied and new images, to compare values for test item status (inclusion, exclusion, and false alarm rates). The present study also made comparisons between values for familiarity (F) and recognition (R) using formulas devised by Jacoby (1991). I predicted that bilinguals would exhibit their best performance in the difficult condition and have higher inclusion rates, along with lower exclusion rates, than monolinguals. I also predicted that bilinguals would have higher recollection values than monolinguals in the difficult condition. Significant differences were found between the inclusion, exclusion, and false alarm rates. The easy condition also had significantly higher familiarity values than the hard condition. However, my hypotheses were unsupported, and no significant differences were found for test item status or recollection between bilinguals and monolinguals.