Knowledge of Reflexives in a Second Language

Knowledge of Reflexives in a Second Language

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  • Author: Margaret Ann Thomas
  • Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
  • ISBN: 9027224692
  • Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 245

This study addresses the debate about whether adult language learners have access to the principles and parameters of universal grammar in constructing the grammar of a second language. The data are based on two related experiments. The first examines the interpretation of English reflexive pronouns by native speakers of Japanese and of Spanish. The second experiment examines the interpretation of the Japanese reflexive zibun by native speakers of English and of Chinese. Three hypotheses are evaluated: (a) that UG is unavailable, and that processing strategies or other non-linguistic principles guide second language acquisition; (b) that UG is available only in the form in which it is instantiated in the learner's native language; (c) that UG is fully available, including the ability to re-set parameters to UG-sanctioned values not instantiated in the learner's native language.The results show that learners observe constraints defined by Manzini and Wexler's parameterized version of Principle A of the binding theory and support the proposal that adult learners have access to universal grammar. A final chapter reviews the experimental data in the light of recent accounts of cross-linguistic variation in the grammar of anaphors which reject parameterization of the binding principles in favor of a “movement to INFL” analysis.


Knowledge of Reflexives in a Second Language

Knowledge of Reflexives in a Second Language

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  • Author: Margaret Thomas
  • Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
  • ISBN: 9027281769
  • Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 234

This study addresses the debate about whether adult language learners have access to the principles and parameters of universal grammar in constructing the grammar of a second language. The data are based on two related experiments. The first examines the interpretation of English reflexive pronouns by native speakers of Japanese and of Spanish. The second experiment examines the interpretation of the Japanese reflexive zibun by native speakers of English and of Chinese. Three hypotheses are evaluated: (a) that UG is unavailable, and that processing strategies or other non-linguistic principles guide second language acquisition; (b) that UG is available only in the form in which it is instantiated in the learner's native language; (c) that UG is fully available, including the ability to re-set parameters to UG-sanctioned values not instantiated in the learner's native language. The results show that learners observe constraints defined by Manzini and Wexler's parameterized version of Principle A of the binding theory and support the proposal that adult learners have access to universal grammar. A final chapter reviews the experimental data in the light of recent accounts of cross-linguistic variation in the grammar of anaphors which reject parameterization of the binding principles in favor of a “movement to INFL” analysis.


Morphology and Its Interfaces in Second Language Knowledge

Morphology and Its Interfaces in Second Language Knowledge

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  • Author: Maria-Luise Beck
  • Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
  • ISBN: 9027224870
  • Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 398

The interface between syntax and morphology forms one of the more challenging aspects of linguistic theory and language acquisition. The papers collected here respond to that challenge from the perspective of adult second language (L2) acquisition.


Second language acquisition of English reflexives by Taiwanese speakers of Mandarin Chinese

Second language acquisition of English reflexives by Taiwanese speakers of Mandarin Chinese

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  • Author: Guy Matthews
  • Publisher: 秀威出版
  • ISBN: 9862212683
  • Category :
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 210

Research into how the relationship between reflexives and their antecedents is acquired - an integrated syntactic and semantic account.【秀威資訊科技股份有限公司製作】


Reflexive Pronouns. The Acquisition of “Self-Forms” by German Learners of English as L2

Reflexive Pronouns. The Acquisition of “Self-Forms” by German Learners of English as L2

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  • Author: Deborah Heinen
  • Publisher: GRIN Verlag
  • ISBN: 3668415218
  • Category : Literary Collections
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 17

Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Bonn, language: English, abstract: Prior linguistic knowledge - it seems plausible that the acquisition of a second language can be influenced by the learner’s knowledge of structures and rules of his or her first language . Especially similarities between languages are probably tending to either facilitate the learning process or to impede it (cf. Gundel & Tarone 1994: 87). This cross-linguistic influence is called “language transfer”, which can be described as negative when the application of L1 structures or rules on a L2 utterance leads to a linguistically incorrect expression (cf. Saville-Troike 2012: 19). Given the fact that similarities between languages might impede the learning process of the L2, the work in hand takes a closer look at reflexive pronouns in English and German. As “self-forms” in English and “sich-forms” in German look quite similar but differ in their use, they appear as a possible source of error for German learners of English. Therefore, the leading question of the paper is whether L2 English learners recognize the differences in the use of “self-forms” in English and the use of “sich” in German. The hypothesis is that, based on their L1 knowledge, German learners of English are likely to make use of reflexive pronouns more often than necessary. In other words, it is assumed that a negative language transfer is likely to occur due to the formal similarities between the L1 and L2. Further information on the theoretical basis of the study will be given in the second chapter, followed by the part on methodology that includes information on the informants, the research instruments, and the data collection procedure. In the following two chapters, the results of the study will be presented and, with regard to possible explanations and limitations, discussed. Finally, the main findings of the paper will be summarized. The reason for conducting this study is, in the first place, that the problem of language transfer is of great importance for the learner’s learning process of English as L2. Especially teachers of English should be aware of common sources of error, so they might be able to predict possible linguistic problems and support their students at their best to avoid such mistakes (cf. Odlin 1990: 4). Furthermore, previous studies in the field of cross-linguistic examinations on reflexive pronouns mainly referred to binding conditions and the like, whereas this paper deals with the frequency and correct application of reflexives by learners of English as L2.


Universal Grammar and Knowledge of Reflexives in a Second Language

Universal Grammar and Knowledge of Reflexives in a Second Language

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  • Author: Margaret Ann Thomas
  • Publisher:
  • ISBN:
  • Category : Grammar, Comparative and general
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 514


Synthesizing Research on Language Learning and Teaching

Synthesizing Research on Language Learning and Teaching

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  • Author: John M. Norris
  • Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
  • ISBN: 9027293678
  • Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 350

This volume presents the first collection of work on research synthesis in applied linguistics. It introduces readers­ ­to a cutting-edge approach for reviewing and summarizing exactly what accumulated research has to say about theoretical and practical subjects. John Norris and Lourdes Ortega first elucidate the value and practice of synthesis, and they challenge all members of the research community to adopt a “synthetic ethic”. The book then features seven empirical syntheses, each modeling rigorous synthetic practice in definitively reviewing the state of knowledge and research quality in important domains. Included are five meta-analyses on: Universal Grammar; Task-Based Interaction; Corrective Feedback; Instructed Pragmatics Development; and Reading Strategy Training. Also included are a qualitative meta-synthesis on Effective Teaching for English Language Learners, and a historiographical synthesis of Proficiency Assessment practices. Rounding out the collection are commentaries by two renowned experts in language learning and teaching research: Nick Ellis and Craig Chaudron.


Using Judgments in Second Language Acquisition Research

Using Judgments in Second Language Acquisition Research

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  • Author: Patti Spinner
  • Publisher: Routledge
  • ISBN: 1315463350
  • Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 187

Synthesizing the theory behind and methodology for conducting judgment tests, Using Judgments in Second Language Acquisition Research aims to clarify the issues surrounding this method and to provide best practices in its use. The text is grounded on a balanced and comprehensive background of the usage of judgment data in the past up through its present-day applications. SLA researchers and graduate students will find useful a chapter serving as a "how-to" guide for a variety of situations to conduct research using judgments, including ways to optimize task design and examples from successful studies. Lucid and practical, Using Judgments in Second Language Acquisition Research offers guidance on a method widely used by SLA researchers, both old and new to the field.


Second Language Acquisition

Second Language Acquisition

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  • Author: Susan M. Gass
  • Publisher: Routledge
  • ISBN: 1136488804
  • Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 649

Now in a fourth edition, this bestselling introductory textbook remains the cornerstone volume for the study of second language acquisition (SLA). Its chapters have been fully updated, and reorganized where appropriate, to provide a comprehensive yet accessible overview of the field and its related disciplines. To reflect current developments, new sections on using learner corpora, semantics and morphosyntax (within formal approaches to SLA), sociocultural approaches, gesture, priming research, and chaos theory have been added. Students will also find expanded discussions of heritage language learning, bilingualism, pragmatics, and much more. The redesigned fourth edition of Second Language Acquisition retains the features that students found useful in the current edition but also provides new pedagogical tools that encourage students to reflect upon the experiences of second language learners. As with previous editions, discussion questions and problems at the end of each chapter help students apply their knowledge, and a glossary defines and reinforces must-know terminology. This clearly-written, comprehensive, and current textbook, by expert Sue Gass, is the ideal textbook for the introductory SLA course in second language studies, applied linguistics, linguistics, TESOL, and language education programs.


Second Language Learning Theories

Second Language Learning Theories

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  • Author: Rosamond Mitchell
  • Publisher: Routledge
  • ISBN: 1444163116
  • Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 398

Second Language Learning Theories is a clear and concise overview of the field of second language acquisition (SLA) theories. Written by a team of leading academics working in different SLA specialisms, this book provides expert analysis of the main theories from multiple perspectives to offer a broad and balanced introduction to the topic. The book covers all the main theoretical perspectives currently active in the SLA field and sets them in a broader perspective per chapter, e.g. linguistic, cognitive or sociolinguistic. Each chapter examines how various theories view language, the learner, and the acquisition process. Summaries of key studies and examples of data relating to a variety of languages illustrate the different theoretical perspectives. Each chapter concludes with an evaluative summary of the theories discussed. This third edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect the very latest research in the field of SLA. Key features include: a fully re-worked chapter on cognitive models of language and language learning a new chapter on information processing, including the roles of different types of memory and knowledge in language learning the addition of a glossary of key linguistic terms to help the non-specialist a new timeline of second language learning theory development This third edition takes account of the significant developments that have taken place in the field in recent years. Highly active domains in which theoretical and methodological advances have been made are treated in more depth to ensure that this new edition of Second Language Learning Theories remains as fresh and relevant as ever.