Active Inference

2022-03-29
Active Inference

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  • Author: Thomas Parr
  • Publisher: MIT Press
  • ISBN: 0262362287
  • Category : Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 313

The first comprehensive treatment of active inference, an integrative perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior used across multiple disciplines. Active inference is a way of understanding sentient behavior—a theory that characterizes perception, planning, and action in terms of probabilistic inference. Developed by theoretical neuroscientist Karl Friston over years of groundbreaking research, active inference provides an integrated perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior that is increasingly used across multiple disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy. Active inference puts the action into perception. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of active inference, covering theory, applications, and cognitive domains. Active inference is a “first principles” approach to understanding behavior and the brain, framed in terms of a single imperative to minimize free energy. The book emphasizes the implications of the free energy principle for understanding how the brain works. It first introduces active inference both conceptually and formally, contextualizing it within current theories of cognition. It then provides specific examples of computational models that use active inference to explain such cognitive phenomena as perception, attention, memory, and planning.

Causal Inference

2019-07-07
Causal Inference

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  • Author: Miquel A. Hernan
  • Publisher: CRC Press
  • ISBN: 9781420076165
  • Category : Medical
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 352

The application of causal inference methods is growing exponentially in fields that deal with observational data. Written by pioneers in the field, this practical book presents an authoritative yet accessible overview of the methods and applications of causal inference. With a wide range of detailed, worked examples using real epidemiologic data as well as software for replicating the analyses, the text provides a thorough introduction to the basics of the theory for non-time-varying treatments and the generalization to complex longitudinal data.

Information Theory, Inference and Learning Algorithms

2003-09-25
Information Theory, Inference and Learning Algorithms

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  • Author: David J. C. MacKay
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN: 9780521642989
  • Category : Computers
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 694

Table of contents

Statistical Inference

2024
Statistical Inference

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  • Author: George Casella
  • Publisher:
  • ISBN: 9781032593036
  • Category : Mathematics
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 0

Basics of probability to theory of statistical inference using techniques, definitions, concepts that are statistical, natural extensions, consequences, of previous concepts. Topics from a standard inference course: distributions, random variables, data reduction, point estimation, hypothesis testing, interval estimation, regression.

Reading Between the Lines

2017-07-05
Reading Between the Lines

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  • Author: Catherine Delamain
  • Publisher: Routledge
  • ISBN: 1351705903
  • Category : Education
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 186

Suitable for teachers and speech and language therapists working in the fields of language and literacy, and concerned with developing inferencing skills in their students, this book contains a collection of 300 texts which are graded, and lead the student gradually from simple tasks.

Inferences during Reading

2015-04-16
Inferences during Reading

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  • Author: Edward J. O'Brien
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN: 131629904X
  • Category : Psychology
  • Languages : en
  • Pages :

Inferencing is defined as 'the act of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true', and it is one of the most important processes necessary for successful comprehension during reading. This volume features contributions by distinguished researchers in cognitive psychology, educational psychology, and neuroscience on topics central to our understanding of the inferential process during reading. The chapters cover aspects of inferencing that range from the fundamental bottom-up processes that form the basis for an inference to occur, to the more strategic processes that transpire when a reader is engaged in literary understanding of a text. Basic activation mechanisms, word-level inferencing, methodological considerations, inference validation, causal inferencing, emotion, development of inferences processes as a skill, embodiment, contributions from neuroscience, and applications to naturalistic text are all covered as well as expository text, online learning materials, and literary immersion.

Elements of Causal Inference

2017-11-29
Elements of Causal Inference

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  • Author: Jonas Peters
  • Publisher: MIT Press
  • ISBN: 0262037319
  • Category : Computers
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 289

A concise and self-contained introduction to causal inference, increasingly important in data science and machine learning. The mathematization of causality is a relatively recent development, and has become increasingly important in data science and machine learning. This book offers a self-contained and concise introduction to causal models and how to learn them from data. After explaining the need for causal models and discussing some of the principles underlying causal inference, the book teaches readers how to use causal models: how to compute intervention distributions, how to infer causal models from observational and interventional data, and how causal ideas could be exploited for classical machine learning problems. All of these topics are discussed first in terms of two variables and then in the more general multivariate case. The bivariate case turns out to be a particularly hard problem for causal learning because there are no conditional independences as used by classical methods for solving multivariate cases. The authors consider analyzing statistical asymmetries between cause and effect to be highly instructive, and they report on their decade of intensive research into this problem. The book is accessible to readers with a background in machine learning or statistics, and can be used in graduate courses or as a reference for researchers. The text includes code snippets that can be copied and pasted, exercises, and an appendix with a summary of the most important technical concepts.

Scientific Inference

2011-11-18
Scientific Inference

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  • Author: Harold Jeffreys
  • Publisher: Read Books Ltd
  • ISBN: 1447494784
  • Category : Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 280

Originally published in 1931. The present work had its beginnings in a series of papers published jointly some years ago by Dr Dorothy Wrinch and myself. Both before and since that time several books purporting to give analyses of the principles of scientific inquiry have appeared, but it seems to me that none of them gives adequate attention to the chief guiding principle of both scientific and everyday knowledge that it is possible to learn from experience and to make inferences from it beyond the data directly known by sensation. Discussions from the philosophical and logical point of view have tended to the conclusion that this principle cannot be justified by logic alone, which is true, and have left it at that. In discussions by physicists, on the other hand, it hardly seems to be noticed that such a principle exists. In the present work the principle is frankly adopted as a primitive postulate and its consequences are developed. It is found to lead to an explanation and a justification of the high probabilities attached in practice to simple quantitative laws, and thereby to a recasting of the processes involved in description. As illustrations of the actual relations of scientific laws to experience it is shown how the sciences of mensuration and dynamics may be developed. I have been stimulated to an interest in the subject myself on account of the fact that in my work in the subjects of cosmogony and geophysics it has habitually been necessary to apply physical laws far beyond their original range of verification in both time and distance, and the problems involved in such extrapolation have therefore always been prominent. This is a high quality digital version of the original title, thus a few of the images may be slightly blurred and difficult to read.

Introducing Inference

2000
Introducing Inference

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  • Author: Marilyn M. Toomey
  • Publisher:
  • ISBN: 9780923573386
  • Category : English language
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 113

Inference, Explanation, and Other Frustrations

2023-07-28
Inference, Explanation, and Other Frustrations

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  • Author: John Earman
  • Publisher: Univ of California Press
  • ISBN: 0520309871
  • Category : Philosophy
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 314

These provocative essays by leading philosophers of science exemplify and illuminate the contemporary uncertainty and excitement in the field. The papers are rich in new perspectives, and their far-reaching criticisms challenge arguments long prevalent in classic philosophical problems of induction, empiricism, and realism. By turns empirical or analytic, historical or programmatic, confessional or argumentative, the authors' arguments both describe and demonstrate the fact that philosophy of science is in a ferment more intense than at any time since the heyday of logical positivism early in the twentieth century. Contents: “Thoroughly Modern Meno,” Clark Glymour and Kevin Kelly “The Concept of Induction in the Light of the Interrogative Approach to Inquiry,” Jaakko Hintikka “Aristotelian Natures and Modern Experimental Method,” Nancy Cartwright “Genetic Inference: A Reconsideration of “David Hume's Empiricism,” Barbara D. Massey and Gerald J. Massey “Philosophy and the Exact Sciences: Logical Positivism as a Case Study,” Michael Friedman “Language and Interpretation: Philosophical Reflections and Empirical Inquiry,” Noam Chomsky “Constructivism, Realism, and Philosophical Method,” Richard Boyd “Do We Need a Hierarchical Model of Science?” Diderik Batens “Theories of Theories: A View from Cognitive Science,” Richard E. Grandy “Procedural Syntax for Theory Elements,” Joseph D. Sneed “Why Functionalism Didn't Work,” Hilary Putnam “Physicalism,” Hartry Field This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1992.