Human Biology and Social Inequality

Human Biology and Social Inequality

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  • Author: Simon Slade Strickland
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN: 9780521570435
  • Category : Family & Relationships
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 362

Measures of biological variation have long been associated with many indices of social inequality. Data on health, nutrition, fertility, mortality, physical fitness, intellectual performance and a range of heritable biological markers show the ubiquity of such patterns across time, space and population. This volume reviews the current evidence for the strength of such linkages and the biological and social mechanisms that underlie them. A major theme is the relationship between the proximate determinants of these linkages and their longer-term significance for biologically selective social mobility. This book therefore addresses the question of how social stratification mediates processes of natural selection in human groups. Data like this pose difficult and sensitive issues for health policy and developments in this area and in eugenics are reviewed for industrialised and developing countries.


The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology

The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology

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  • Author: Dr. John Komlos
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN: 0190631651
  • Category : Business & Economics
  • Languages : en
  • Pages :

The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology provides an extensive and insightful overview of how economic conditions affect human well-being and how human health influences economic outcomes. Among the topics explored are how variations in height, whether over time, among different socio-economic groups, and in different locations, are important indicators of changes in economic growth and economic development, levels of economic inequality, and economic opportunities for individuals. The book covers a broad geographic range: Africa, Latin and North America, Asia, and Europe. Its temporal scope ranges from the late Iron Age to the present. Taking advantage of recent improvements in data and economic methods, the book also explores how humans' biological conditions influence and are influenced by their economic circumstances, including poverty. Among the issues addressed are how height, body mass index (BMI), and obesity can affect and are affected by productivity, wages, and wealth. How family environment affects health and well-being is examined, as is the importance of both pre-birth and early childhood conditions for subsequent economic outcomes. Reflecting this dynamic and expanding area of research, the volume shows that well-being is a salient aspect of economics, and the new toolkit of evidence from biological living standards enhances understanding of industrialization, commercialization, income distribution, the organization of health care, social status, and the redistributive state affect such human attributes as physical stature, weight, and the obesity epidemic in historical and contemporary populations.


Urbanism, Health and Human Biology in Industrialised Countries

Urbanism, Health and Human Biology in Industrialised Countries

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  • Author: L. M. Schell
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN: 052162097X
  • Category : Medical
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 342

Explores what effects urban living has on human health and behaviour.


The Biological Consequences of Socioeconomic Inequalities

The Biological Consequences of Socioeconomic Inequalities

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  • Author: Barbara Wolfe
  • Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
  • ISBN: 9780871548924
  • Category : Political Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 292

Social scientists have repeatedly uncovered a disturbing feature of economic inequality: people with larger incomes and better education tend to lead longer, healthier lives. This pattern holds across all ages and for virtually all measures of health, apparently indicating a biological dimension of inequality. But scholars have only begun to understand the complex mechanisms that drive this disparity. How exactly do financial well-being and human physiology interact? The Biological Consequences of Socioeconomic Inequalities incorporates insights from the social and biological sciences to quantify the biology of disadvantage and to assess how poverty gets under the skin to impact health. Drawing from unusually rich datasets of biomarkers, brain scans, and socioeconomic measures, Biological Consequences of Socioeconomic Inequalities illustrates exciting new paths to understanding social inequalities in health. Barbara Wolfe, William N. Evans and Nancy Adler begin the volume with a critical evaluation of the literature on income and health, providing a lucid review of the difficulties of establishing clear causal pathways between the two variables. In their chapter, Arun S. Karlamangla, Tara L. Gruenewald, and Teresa E. Seeman outline the potential of biomarkers—such as cholesterol, heart pressure, and C-reactive protein—to assess and indicate the factors underlying health. Edith Chen, Hannah M. C. Schreier, and Meanne Chan reveal the empirical power of biomarkers by examining asthma, a condition steeply correlated with socioeconomic status. Their analysis shows how stress at the individual, family, and neighborhood levels can increase the incidence of asthma. The volume then turns to cognitive neuroscience, using biomarkers in a new way to examine the impact of poverty on brain development. Jamie Hanson, Nicole Hair, Amitabh Chandra, Ed Moss, Jay Bhattacharya, Seth D. Pollack, and Barbara Wolfe use a longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) study of children between the ages of four and eighteen to study the link between poverty and limited cognition among children. Michelle C. Carlson, Christopher L. Seplaki, and Teresa E. Seeman also focus on brain development to examine the role of socioeconomic status in cognitive decline among older adults. Featuring insights from the biological and social sciences, Biological Consequences of Socioeconomic Inequalities will be an essential resource for scholars interested in socioeconomic disparities and the biological imprint that material deprivation leaves on the human body.


The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology

The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology

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  • Author: John Komlos
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN: 0199389292
  • Category : Business & Economics
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 849

The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology provides an extensive and insightful overview of how economic conditions affect human well-being and how human health influences economic outcomes. The book addresses both macro and micro factors, as well as their interaction, providing new understanding of complex relationships and developments in economic history and economic dynamics. Among the topics explored is how variation in height, whether over time, among different socioeconomic groups, or in different locations, is an important indicator of changes in economic growth and economic development, levels of economic inequality, and economic opportunities for individuals.


Human Biologists in the Archives

Human Biologists in the Archives

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  • Author: D. Ann Herring
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN: 1139435612
  • Category : Social Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages :

Many physical anthropologists study populations using data that come primarily from the historical record. For this volume's authors, the classic anthropological 'field' is not the glamour of an exotic locale, but the sometimes tedium of the dusty back rooms of libraries, archives and museum collections. This book tells of the way in which archival data inform anthropological questions about human biology and health. The authors present a diverse array of human biological evidence from a variety of sources including the archaeological record, medical collections, church records, contemporary health and growth data and genetic information from the descendants of historical populations. The papers demonstrate how the analysis of historical documents expands the horizons of research in human biology, extends the longitudinal analysis of microevolutionary and social processes into the present and enhances our understanding of the human condition.


Human Evolutionary Biology

Human Evolutionary Biology

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  • Author: Michael P. Muehlenbein
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN: 0521879485
  • Category : Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 635

A wide-ranging and inclusive text focusing on topics in human evolution and the understanding of modern human variation and adaptability.


Human Biology

Human Biology

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  • Author: Raymond Pearl
  • Publisher:
  • ISBN:
  • Category : Anthropology
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 650

Includes section "Recent literature useful in the study of human biology."


Challenging Inequities in Health

Challenging Inequities in Health

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  • Author: Timothy Evans
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN: 019513740X
  • Category : Health & Fitness
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 365

This text provides a unique view of global inequities in health status and health sytems. Emphasizing socioeconomic conditions, it combines chapters on conceptual and measurement issues with case studies from around the world.


The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Disability

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Disability

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  • Author: Adam Cureton
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
  • ISBN: 0190622873
  • Category : Philosophy
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 846

Disability raises profound and fundamental issues: questions about human embodiment and well-being; dignity, respect, justice and equality; personal and social identity. It raises pressing questions for educational, health, reproductive, and technology policy, and confronts the scope and direction of the human and civil rights movements. Yet it is only recently that disability has become the subject of the sustained and rigorous philosophical inquiry that it deserves. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Disability is the first comprehensive volume on the subject. The volume's contents range from debates over the definition of disability to the challenges posed by disability for justice and dignity; from the relevance of disability for respect, other interpersonal attitudes, and intimate relationships to its significance for health policy, biotechnology, and human enhancement; from the ways that disability scholarship can enrich moral and political philosophy, to the importance of physical and intellectual disabilities for the philosophy of mind and action. The contributions reflect the variety of areas of expertise, intellectual orientations, and personal backgrounds of their authors. Some are founding philosophers of disability; others are promising new scholars; still others are leading philosophers from other areas writing on disability for the first time. Many have disabilities themselves. This volume boldly explores neglected issues, offers fresh perspectives on familiar ones, and ultimately expands philosophy's boundaries. More than merely presenting an overview of existing work, this Handbook will chart the growth and direction of a vital and burgeoning field for years to come.