"We have broadened the examples beyond teacher education to reflect the increasingly diverse disciplines and subdisciplines in educational research. We searched for examples of educational research in fields such as program evaluation, multicultural research, counseling, school psychology, learning and cognition, nutrition, sports psychology, education in the professions, and other fields. Another focus of the revision was to emphasize technology [e.g., use of online programs for a table of random numbers, use of online surveys, various databases available (like Google scholar or Web of Science), reference tools (like EndNote), and cell-phone random digit dialing]. Coverage of reviewing the literature has been expanded with an emphasis on current literature database searches, reference management software, and how to synthesize findings from a literature review. Quantitative research methods are updated to cover mediating variables, use of online surveys, and additional statistical methods such as intraclass correlation coefficients. We provide a new example of performance assessment and step-by-step examples to calculate t-test and chi-square statistics. Coverage of quantitative designs is expanded to include causal inferences in experimental designs and more detail about causal comparative research and single-subject designs. We provide examples of threats to validity in experimental research. The chapter on survey research is substantially updated to reflect the use of online surveys, methodological considerations, and sources for more information. The chapters on qualitative research are also updated, including coverage of qualitative data analysis software and recent developments in qualitative methods. This edition includes a table comparing different approaches to grounded theory, new ethnographic study examples, and developments in narrative research. The mixed methods chapter is substantially updated to reflect methodological developments, in particular the discussion of integration of qualitative and quantitative data. We added recent examples of mixed methods research using convergent, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, and experimental mixed methods designs. References are substantially updated to give readers the newest thinking on research methods as other writers have updated the original editions of their work. viii PREFACE Although the sample articles from the fifth edition remain the same, many older studies mentioned throughout the text have been updated with current research. As with the previous edition, the sample articles are annotated to help readers identify important research characteristics"--