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Your body is truly amazing - in this book find out what's going on under your skin from your skeleton that is the frame of your body to the muscles that move your bones. The book is perfect for children aged 7+ who are studying science and the human body. The book is part of the series 'Your body - inside and out' in which photographs and artwork combine to show you how your body works - both inside and out
Osteoporosis and related fracture are serious problems for adults--and the best protection against bone loss later in life is to achieve optimal bone strength during childhood and adolescence. As a teacher or recreation leader, you have the opportunity to enhance children's bone health and muscle strength by using the evidence-based programs and activities provided in Building Strong Bones & Muscles.The book offers practical games and activities that are -research based so you know recreational or PE time is spent on effective, health-promoting activities; -classroom tested to ensure the activities are not only worthwhile but also fun for children; -easy to implement by the general classroom teacher or other leader because they use commonly available physical activity equipment or no equipment at all; -fully illustrated to make the games and activities easy to implement with minimal preparation with the use of reproducible task cards; and -appropriate in a variety of settings, with activities and teaching techniques for three developmental levels, multiple cross-curricular connections, and activity variations. The book presents a variety of ideas for circuits and stations, games, gymnastics, dance, and supplemental activities. You'll also find these features: -Cross-curricular worksheets and reproducibles -Assessment tools ยท -Achievement recognition and motivation tools that make it easy to implement the activities effectively In as little as 10 minutes a day, three times a week, the preventive measures in Building Strong Bones & Musclescan help your students achieve optimal bone health and muscle strength and decrease their risk of developing osteoporosis.
The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References
The extremely potent substance botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has attracted much interest in diverse fields. Originally identified as cause for the rare but deadly disease botulism, military and terrorist intended to misuse this sophisticated molecule as biological weapon. This caused its classification as select agent category A by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention and the listing in the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. Later, the civilian use of BoNT as long acting peripheral muscle relaxant has turned this molecule into an indispensable pharmaceutical world wide with annual revenues >$1.5 billion. Also basic scientists value the botulinum neurotoxin as molecular tool for dissecting mechanisms of exocytosis. This book will cover the most recent molecular details of botulinum neurotoxin, its mechanism of action as well as its detection and application.
The seeming simplicity of day-to-day movement can belie the complexity of the structures that facilitate motion. More than just a framework around which the body develops, the human skeleton has evolved over time to allow humans to walk and stand upright. Muscles likewise perform a range of functions, without which the body could not manage. This comprehensive book details the anatomy and mechanisms that allow bones and muscles to operate naturally and examines the consequences of disease and injury on these fundamental components of the human body.
