Becoming Rwandan

2019-10-11
Becoming Rwandan

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  • Author: S. Garnett Russell
  • Publisher: Rutgers University Press
  • ISBN: 1978802889
  • Category : Education
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 270

In the aftermath of the genocide, the Rwandan government has attempted to use the education system in order to sustain peace and shape a new generation of Rwandans. Their hope is to create a generation focused on a unified and patriotic future rather than the ethnically divisive past. Yet, the government’s efforts to manipulate global models around citizenship, human rights, and reconciliation to serve its national goals have had mixed results, with new tensions emerging across social groups. Becoming Rwandan argues that although the Rwandan government utilizes global discourses in national policy documents, the way in which teachers and students engage with these global models distorts the intention of the government, resulting in unintended consequences and undermining a sustainable peace.

Becoming Rwandan

2019-10-11
Becoming Rwandan

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  • Author: S. Garnett Russell
  • Publisher: Rutgers University Press
  • ISBN: 1978802862
  • Category : Education
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 270

Drawing on extensive survey data, interviews, and observations carried out with teachers and students in fifteen schools across Rwanda, Becoming Rwandan is a thought-provoking study of the power and the limitations of education as a peacebuilding and state-building tool.

When Victims Become Killers

2020-01-28
When Victims Become Killers

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  • Author: Mahmood Mamdani
  • Publisher: Princeton University Press
  • ISBN: 0691192340
  • Category : History
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 390

An incisive look at the causes and consequences of the Rwandan genocide "When we captured Kigali, we thought we would face criminals in the state; instead, we faced a criminal population." So a political commissar in the Rwanda Patriotic Front reflected after the 1994 massacre of as many as one million Tutsis in Rwanda. Underlying his statement was the realization that, though ordered by a minority of state functionaries, the slaughter was performed by hundreds of thousands of ordinary citizens, including judges, doctors, priests, and friends. Rejecting easy explanations of the Rwandan genocide as a mysterious evil force that was bizarrely unleashed, When Victims Become Killers situates the tragedy in its proper context. Mahmood Mamdani coaxes to the surface the historical, geographical, and political forces that made it possible for so many Hutus to turn so brutally on their neighbors. In so doing, Mamdani usefully broadens understandings of citizenship and political identity in postcolonial Africa and provides a direction for preventing similar future tragedies.

When Victims Become Killers

2002-09
When Victims Become Killers

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  • Author: Mahmood Mamdani
  • Publisher: Princeton University Press
  • ISBN: 9780691102801
  • Category : History
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 388

"Rejecting easy explanations of the genocide as a mysterious evil force that was bizarrely unleashed, one of Africa's best-known intellectuals situates the tragedy in its proper context. He coaxes to the surface the historical, geographical, and political forces that made it possible for so many Hutu to turn so brutally on their neighbors. He finds answers in the nature of political identities generated during colonialism, in the failures of the nationalist revolution to transcend these identities, and in regional demographic and political currents that reach well beyond Rwanda. In so doing, Mahmood Mamdani broadens understanding of citizenship and political identity in postcolonial Africa." "Mamdani's analysis provides a foundation for future studies of the massacre. His answers point a way out of crisis : a direction for reforming political identity in central Africa and preventing future tragedies."--Résumé de l'éditeur.

Becoming Human Again

2020-03-31
Becoming Human Again

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  • Author: Donald E. Miller
  • Publisher: Univ of California Press
  • ISBN: 0520975154
  • Category : Social Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 264

Genocide involves significant death and trauma. Yet the enormous scope of genocide comes into view when one looks at the factors that lead to mass killing, the struggle for survival during genocide, and the ways survivors reconstruct their lives after the violence ends. Over a one hundred day period in 1994, the country of Rwanda saw the genocidal slaughter of at least 800,000 Tutsi at the hands of members of the Hutu majority government. This book is a powerful oral history of the tragedy and its aftermath from the perspective of its survivors. Based on in-depth interviews conducted over the course of fifteen years, the authors take a holistic approach by tracing how victims experienced the horrific events, as well as how they have coped with the aftermath as they struggled to resume their lives. The Rwanda genocide deserves study and documentation not only because of the failure of the Western world to intervene, but also because it raises profound questions about the ways survivors create a new life out of the ashes of all that was destroyed. How do they deal with the all-encompassing traumas of genocide? Is forgiveness possible? And what does the process of rebuilding teach us about genocide, trauma, and human life?

State Terrorism and Human Rights

2013-03-05
State Terrorism and Human Rights

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  • Author: Gillian Duncan
  • Publisher: Routledge
  • ISBN: 1136679677
  • Category : Political Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 202

This book aims to improve understanding of the broad trends in the utilisation of political violence by examining the use of state terror in world politics. The ending of the Cold War and the overthrow of communism in Eastern Europe led many to assume that this presaged the demise of the one-party terror regime and acceptance of Western concepts of democracy, freedom and human rights throughout the international system. But of course this did not end state terror. The totalitarian one-party state still exists in North Korea and China, and there are numerous military regimes and other forms of dictatorship where the use of terror techniques for internal control is routine. The late Professor Paul Wilkinson conceived and began this project with the intention of analysing the major types of international response to state terror, as well as their outcomes and their wider implications for the future of international relations. In keeping with this original premise, the contributors explore the history of terrorism, as well as reflecting on the need for international cooperation based on the protection of civilians and a consistent approach to intervention in conflict situations. This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism studies, political violence, human rights, genocide, and IR in general.

The Heaven Test in Rwanda in 1994

2020-10-23
The Heaven Test in Rwanda in 1994

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  • Author: Germain Muhirwa
  • Publisher: WestBow Press
  • ISBN: 1664208151
  • Category : History
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 970

“For where two or more people are gathered together in my name; there am I in the middle of them: Matthew 18:20”. The 1994 Tutsis extermination developed over time and revealed how evil human beings can be! Rwanda was said to be like a “full glass of water if added even a drop would overthrow!” The exiled Tutsis were denied to return back home. The internal Tutsis were totally marginalized and taken on hostage by the majority Hutus. “Lord Almighty God allowed the October 1st, 1990 big war by the exiled Tutsis to defeat Satan as Rwanda had become sinful: Romans 3: 10-18.” The extremists Hutus sacrificed innocent Hutus with lies about the 1990 big war, which made the internal Tutsis the target for extermination as the exiled Tutsis chose Kigali as a destination! Only one motive was enough for Hutus to start Bagosora’ Apocalypse against Tutsis! The special killers known as “Interahamwe” and “Impuzamugambi were very well prepared and ready for the green light. The unexpected Habyarimana airplane crash on April 6th, 1994 became that motive, in which scenario nobody had ever imagined as Habyarimana used to call himself: “Ikinani” or “the invincible” as he was protected by France. This caused Hutus to prematurely put into action their “long-term” dream of Tutsis extermination from Rwanda. Over one million Tutsis, along with some thousands of Hutus of good hearts, got slaughtered to death just in a matter of 100 days! The killings spread rapidly due to hatred Hutus media such as the Kangura newspaper and the RTLM radio in which the Hutus were called on a daily basis to exterminate all the Tutsis from Rwanda. In 1982, the Blessed Virgin Mary openly warned Rwandans about all of these during her apparition, but Rwandans chose not to listen! The Hutus killed any Tutsi they could find; it was the who killed most Tutsis marathon or what I call the Tutsis killings “full-time job” during those 100 days! Thanks for your interest in my book and I would like to welcome you to visit my charity website: *** La prolongation de mon livre ce fait sur le site: www.emuhirwa.org ***

Stuck

2012-02-01
Stuck

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  • Author: Marc Sommers
  • Publisher: University of Georgia Press
  • ISBN: 0820338923
  • Category : Political Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 310

Young people are transforming the global landscape. As the human population today is younger and more urban than ever before, prospects for achieving adulthood dwindle while urban migration soars. Devastated by genocide, hailed as a spectacular success, and critiqued for its human rights record, the Central African nation of Rwanda provides a compelling setting for grasping new challenges to the world’s youth. Spotlighting failed masculinity, urban desperation, and forceful governance, Marc Sommers tells the dramatic story of young Rwandans who are “stuck,” striving against near-impossible odds to become adults. In Rwandan culture, female youth must wait, often in vain, for male youth to build a house before they can marry. Only then can male and female youth gain acceptance as adults. However, Rwanda’s severe housing crisis means that most male youth are on a treadmill toward failure, unable to build their house yet having no choice but to try. What follows is too often tragic. Rural youth face a future as failed adults, while many who migrate to the capital fail to secure a stable life and turn fatalistic about contracting HIV/AIDS. Featuring insightful interviews with youth, adults, and government officials, Stuck tells the story of an ambitious, controlling government trying to govern an exceptionally young and poor population in a densely populated and rapidly urbanizing country. This pioneering book sheds new light on the struggle to come of age and suggests new pathways toward the attainment of security, development, and coexistence in Africa and beyond. Published in association with the United States Institute of Peace

Global Historical Sociology of Race and Racism

2021-09-30
Global Historical Sociology of Race and Racism

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  • Author: Alexandre I.R. White
  • Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
  • ISBN: 180117220X
  • Category : Social Science
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 309

In this volume of Political Power and Social Theory, a special collection of papers reconsiders race and racism from global and historical perspectives. Together, these articles serve as an entry point for sharpening our sociological understandings of how racism operates in current times.

Rwanda: Rebuilding of a Nation

2015-12-02
Rwanda: Rebuilding of a Nation

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  • Author: Ndahiro, A
  • Publisher: Fountain Publishers
  • ISBN:
  • Category : History
  • Languages : en
  • Pages : 282

Rwanda: Rebuilding of a Nation is a story that takes the reader through a sweeping panorama of Rwanda's history, from its recent past as a nearfailed state to its present as a beacon of hope and successful innovations. Rwanda's rise from the ashes detailed in this book is the culmination of a visionary and laborious process of rebuilding a nation from the brink of collapse. It is also a story of reconciling a people that had been taught to see each other as enemies. Twenty years ago, the world wrote off Rwanda after the worst genocide in recent times left over one million of its people dead and another three million in refugee camps in neighbouring countries. The country was broken in every way possible - socially, culturally, economically and politically. Today, Rwanda has been rebuilt and has become a respectable country, receiving many international accolades for its extraordinary leadership and achievements. The backbone and custodian of this agenda has been and remains the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF). This was the case right from its inception before and during the liberation struggle to the implementation of this transformation. The book traces the success of the RPF-driven transformation, which derives from the combination of three interrelated factors. First, a people-centred governance that has spearheaded community development, ownership and accountability. Second, home-grown initiatives in different sectors that have helped to adequately respond to extraordinary challenges. And third, a visionary leadership that listens to its people and inspires them towards self-reliance and dignity. Finally, the book shows that Rwanda's achievements have been possible because the RPF's development agenda is built on power-sharing, consensus-building, gender equality and the primacy of security.